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Physiology > Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

Intrafusal (5%)

Extrafusal (95%)

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2
Q

detects changes in muscle LENGTH

A

Intrafusal

innervation: GAMMA motorneurons

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3
Q

for VOLUNTARY MUSCLE CONTRACTION

A

Extrafusal

innervation: ALPHA motorneurons

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4
Q

2 types of Extrafusal

A

TYPE I

TYPE II

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5
Q 
slow twitch
red fiber
greater myoglobin and mitochondria
oxidative phosphorylation --> sustained contraction
for ENDURANCE training
A

TYPE I

postural muscles of the back

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6
Q 
fast twitch
white fiber
anaerobic glycolysis
less myoglobin and mitochondria
for WEIGHT/RESISTANCE training, SPRINTING
A

TYPE II

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7
Q

(+) gap junctions, (+) syncytium for GROSS motor movement

A

UNITARY SMOOTH MUSCLES

i.e. uterus

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8
Q

(-) gap junctions, for FINE motor movement

A

MULTI UNIT SMOOTH MUSCLES

i.e. pupil cells

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9
Q

Functional, structural and contractile unit of skeletal and cardiac muscles

area b/w 2 Z lines

A

sarcomere

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10
Q

Contains MYOSIN that act as CROSS BRIDGES of the sarcomeres

A

THICK FILAMENTS

1 pair of heavy chains
2 pairs of light chains

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11
Q

Contains ACTIN, TROPOMYOSIN AND TROPONIN

A

THIN ILAMENTS

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12
Q

“relaxing protein’ that covers actin binding sites at rest

A

Tropomyosin

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13
Q

3 subunits of Troponin

A

T - attached troponin complex to tropomyosin

I - inhibits actin-myosin binding

C - calcium binding protein

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14
Q

Part of sarcomere

borders

A

Z lines (“Zwischenscheibe”)

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15
Q

Part of sarcomere

midline

A

M line (“Mittelscheibe”)

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16
Q

entire length of the myosin

A

A band (Anisotropic)

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17
Q

inside A band, PURELY MYOSIN no actin interspersed

A

H band (Heller)

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18
Q

inside H band; no myosin heads

A

bare zone

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19
Q

PURELY ACTIN no myosin interspersed

A

I band

20
Q

Invagination of the Sarcolemma

Spreads AP to all parts of the muscles

A

Transverse Tubules

21
Q

Voltage sensitive receptor that is found in the Transverse Tubules

A

dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs)

activates ryanodine receptors

22
Q

Contains calcium needed for contractions

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

amt of calcium released by SR depends on the amount of stored calcium

23
Q

Calcium release channel in the SR ACTIVATED by DHPR

A

Ryanodine

24
Q

Protein that stores Ca2+ in the SR

A

Calsequestrin

25
Q

Pumps Ca from ICF to the SR

A

SERCA

26
Q

Binds myosin to Z lines, binds Z lines to M line

A

TITIN

determines the normal stiffness of the ventricular muscles

27
Q

Stabilizes sarcolemma and prevents contraction induced rupture

A

DYSTROPHIN

binds actin to beta dystroglycan in the sarcolemma

28
Q

Binds actin to Z lines

A

Actinin, CapZ protein

29
Q

Binds Z lines to sarcolemma

A

Desmin

30
Q

Acts as molecular rulers that sets the LENGHT of ACTIN

A

Nebulin

31
Q

PARTIAL hydrolysis of ATP

A

RECOCKING of myosin heads

32
Q

COMPLETE hydrolysis of ATP

A

POWER STROKE

33
Q

Blocks REUPTAKE of choline into presynaptic terminal

A

Hemicholinium

34
Q

INHIBITS acetylcholinesterase

A

Neostigmine

35
Q

COMPETES with Ach for receptors on Motor End Plate

A

Curare

36
Q

BLOCKS RELEASE of Ach from pre-synaptic terminals

A

Botulinum Toxin

37
Q

LENGTH is CONSTANT while muscle contracts
force generated is not enough to move or lift an object

NO muscle shortening/lengthening

A

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

i.e. pushing against a wall

38
Q

LOAD is CONSTANT while muscle contracts

A

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

CONCENTRIC - (+) muscle SHORTENING
(i.e. pulling a weight up)

ECCENTRIC - (+) muscle LENGTHENING
(i.e lowering a weight down)

39
Q

Muscle length

A

PRELOAD

40
Q

Load against which muscle contracts

A

AFTERLOAD

41
Q

Tension d.t. muscle STRENGHT

A

Passive tension

42
Q

Tension d.t. muscle CONTRACTION

A

Active tension

proportional to the number of cross bridges formed

43
Q

Occurs 3-6 hrs after death d.t. lack of ATP

A

Rigor Mortis

44
Q

Happens when ALL CALCIUM from SR has been RELEASED; no further increased in muscle strength

A

Tetanus/Tetanic Spasm

45
Q

Relies PURELY on INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM

A

Skeletal Muscles

Physiology (98 decks)

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