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Physiology > Cell Membranes > Flashcards

Cell Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of the human body

A

Cell

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2
Q

Approximate number of human cells + bacterial cells inside the human body

A

68 trillion

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3
Q

Approximate number of human cells

A

30 trillion

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4
Q

The MOST ABUNDANT type of cell in the body

A

RBCs

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5
Q

Approximate number of glial (supporting) cells

A

1 trillion

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6
Q

Approximate number of neurons

A

100 B (86 B)

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7
Q

Major hallmarks of cancer

A

LOSS OF CELL TO CELL ADHESION

LOSS OF ANCHORAGE INDEPENDENT GROWTH

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8
Q

Guardian of the cell

semipermeable

made up of lipid bilayer (fluid mosaic model

A

CELL MEMBRANE
divides the body into ECF and ICF compartments

MANY proteins
LITTLE carbohydrates
NO water

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9
Q

Lipid Bilayer (Fluid Mosaic Model)

A

PROTEINS (55%)
PHOSPHOLIPIDS (25%)
outer leaflet: phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin
inner leaflet: phosphatidylenolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol
CHOLESTEROL (13%)
OTHER LIPIDS (4%)
CARBOHYDRATES (3%)

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10
Q

Confers membrane FLUIDITY and PERMEABILITY to water soluble substances

A

CHOLESTEROL

LDL - major lipoprotein source of cholesterol

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11
Q

Confers ANTIGENICITY

A

GLYCOLIPIDS

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12
Q

MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

A

CHOLESTEROL

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13
Q

Factors that determine the permeability of the cell membrane

A

TEMPERATURE
TYPES OF SOLUTE PRESENT
LEVEL OF CELL HYDRATION

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14
Q

TIGHT attachment

spans the entire cell membrane

A

INTEGRAL PROTEINS

aquaporins, ion channels, solute carriers (GLUT, symport, antiport), ATP dependent transporters

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15
Q

LOOSE attachement

inner leaflet or outer leaflet

A

PERIPHERAL PROTEIN

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16
Q

DISK shaped

TIGHT intercellular adhesion

A

MACULA ADHERENS

epithelium

17
Q

RING shaped

INCREASED SURFACE AREA for contact

A 
ZONULA ADHERENS
FASCIA ADHERENS (myocytes)

epithelium and enthothelial cells
intercalated disks of cardiac muscles

18
Q

Barrier to movement of proteins across membranes

DIVIDES cell into APICAL and BASOLATERAL side

A

ZONULA OCCLUDENS (tight junctions)

LEAKY: PCT, jejunum
TIGHT: CD. terminal colon, BBB

19
Q

Movement across apical and basolateral sides

A

Transcellular transport

20
Q

Movement through tight junction

A

Paracellular transport

21
Q

Regulated cytoplasmic bridge for sharing of small molecules b/w cells

for RAPID INTERCELLULAR communication

A

GAP JUNCTIONS

syncytia
conneXON - FUNCTIONAL unit
conneXIN - SUBUNIT

cardiac and unitary smooth muscles

22
Q

Low resistant pathways b/w myocardial cells that allow for the spread of AP

A

gap junctions

23
Q

NON CARRIER MEDIATED TRANSPORT

A

Simple Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

24
Q

HIGH to LOW

passive; downhill

A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

oxygen, nitrogen, CO2, alcohol, lipid hormones, anesthetic drugs

25
Q

CARRIER MEDIATED TRANSPORT

A

Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Primary Active Transport
Secondary Active Transport

26
Q

LOW to HIGH (diluted to concentrated)

A

OSMOSIS

aquaporins

WATER

27
Q

HIGH to LOW

passive; downhill

utilized INTEGRAL proteins

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

GLUT transporters
AA transporters

28
Q

LOW to HIGH

active; uphill

uses ATP for energy

A

PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Na K ATPase pump
H K ATPase pump of the parietal cells (stomach)
Ca ATPase pump in the cell membrane and SR
multidrug resistance transporters

29
Q

LOW to HIGH

active; uphill

uses sodium gradient for energy

A

SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

SGLT-1 (SI)
SGLT -2 (PCT)
Na K 2 CL in TAL of LG
Na Ca exhange in almost cells
Na H exchange in the PCT (kidneys)
30
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

J = PA (C1 - C2)

J (flux (flow mmol/sec)
P (permeability cm/sec)
A (area cm2)
C1 (higher conc) mmol/L
C2 (lower conc) mmol/L
31
Q

Factors that INCREASE permeability

A

INCREASED oil/water partition coefficient
DECREASED radius (size) of the solute
DECREASED membrane thickness

small hydrophobic solutes (CO2 and O2) - HIGHEST PERMEABILITIES

32
Q

Characteristic of Carrier Mediated Transport

A

STEREOSPECIFICITY
SATURATION
COMPETITION

33
Q

Concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution

A

OSMOLARITY = # of dissociable particles x concentration (g x c)

300 mOsm/L - normal value

34
Q

Osmotic Pressure (van Hoff’s Law)

A

osmotic pressure = g x C x RT

g - number of particles in a solution
C - concentration
R - gas constant (0.082)
T - absolute temperature (K)

35
Q

Effective Osmotic Pressure

A

Osmotic Pressure X Reflection Coefficient

36
Q

Osmotic pressure exerted by proteins

A

Oncotic Pressure or Colloid Osmotic Pressure

Physiology (98 decks)

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