Vascular Abnormalities Flashcards
Both arteries and veins are made of what 3 main layers?
Intima
Media
Adventitia
What do arteries have that veins do not in their walls?
Elastic fibers
Arterial system is ____ pressure and the Venous system is ____ pressure
Arterial system = high pressure
Venous system = low pressure
At what level in the Arterial system is the blood pressure controlled?
Arteriole
What are Arteriovenous Malformations?
Thick-walled arteries that connect directly to Thick-walled veins and SKIP capillaries
What do Arteriovenous Malformations look like?
Tangle of worm-like vascular channels with pulsatile Arteriovenous shunting
What can large Arteriovenous Malformations result in?
High output cardiac failure due to the heart having to pump additional volume!
What is and where are Berry (saccular) Aneurysms usually found?
Abnormal dilation of an artery due to a defect in the media layer
– usually found in circle of willis at major branch point
Where in the circle of willis is the most common site for a Berry Aneurysm?
Near the anterior cerebral artery branch point
What are 2 risk factors and 3 syndromes that put you at risk for a Berry Aneurysm?
Risk factors - smoking and HTN
- Polycystic kidney disease, Marfans and Ehlers Danlos Syndromes
If a Berry Aneurysm ruptures, what will the symptoms be?
(subarachnoid hemorrhage)
= worst headache ever; N/V, double vision, neck pain, seizures, loss of consciousness
What is a Mycotic Aneurysm and what are 3 potential causes?
Infected arterial wall Aneurysm
ex. From septic emboli, circulating organisms, adjacent bacterial infection
What is Fibromuscular Dysplasia?
Focal, irregular thickening in medium/large muscular arteries
What arteries does Fibromuscular Dysplasia commonly affect and in what population?
RENAL arteries in young women with 1st degree relatives affected as well
What will Fibromuscular Dysplasia look like on angiography?
String of beads
If Fibromuscular Dysplasia affects the renal arteries, what will result?
Renovascular hypertension and abdominal bruit
Renovascular hypertenion with an abdominal bruit is likely due to what vascular abnormality?
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
“string of beads” on angiography?
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
A subarachnoid hemorrhage can be due to a rupture of what vascular abnormality?
Berry Aneurysm in the circle of willis
High output cardiac failure can be a result of what vascular abnormality?
Arteriovenous Malformation
What is blood pressure dependent on?
Cardiac output X Peripheral resistance
With low BP what occurs?
- Kidney releases Renin
- Renin (+) angiotensin 2
- Causes Vasoconstriction and Aldosterone release
- Salt and water retention
With high BP what occurs?
- Heart releases atrial natriuretic peptide
= vasodilation and decreased salt and water retention
Primary Hypertension is likely due to what idiopathic factors?
Age, genetics
Stress, obesity, increased salt consumption
