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2 - CPR (cardio) > Aortic/Mitral Valvular Disease > Flashcards

Aortic/Mitral Valvular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 criteria for Left sided Hypertensive Disease?

A
  1. Concentric LV hypertrophy

2. Other evidence of hypertension

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2
Q

With Left sided Hypertensive Disease, describe what can be seen with the diastolic and systolic dysfunctions

A

Diastolic dysfunction - atrial enlargement/fibrillation
= Thromboembolism risk
Systolic dysfunction - increased oxygen requirement

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3
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Right sided Hypertensive Disease

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4
Q

Describe how Right sided Hypertensive Disease (cor pulmonale) arises

A
  • Vasoconstriction in the lungs
  • Increased Pulmonary A. Pressure
  • Increased RV pressure
    = Right sided Heart Failure
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5
Q

Left Sided Hypertensive Disease results in?

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for Calcific Aortic Stenosis?

A

Increasing age (60-80) with chronic HTN and hyperlipidemia

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7
Q

Calcific Aortic Stenosis

A

Mounded calcifications in cusps of valve prevent complete opening

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8
Q

All heart valves besides the mitral valve should have how many cusps?

A

3

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9
Q

Congenital or acquired fusion can cause Bicuspid Aortic Valves…. what will this show an accelerated course of?

A

Calcific Aortic Stenosis 1-2 decades earlier than usually expected

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10
Q

Congenital or acquired fusion can cause Bicuspid Aortic Valves… what will this show an accelerated course of?

A

Calcific Aortic Stenosis 1-2 decades earlier than usually expected

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11
Q

What are the possible symptoms of Calcific Aortic Stenosis?

A

LV hypertrophy
Systolic murmur
Angina and syncope
Congestive Heart Failure

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12
Q

What are the possible symptoms of Calcific Aortic Stenosis?

A

LV hypertrophy
Systolic murmur
Angina and syncope
Congestive Heart Failure

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13
Q

Who/Where are Mitral Annular Calcifications?

A
  • Females older than 60

= Calcific deposits in fibrous annulus (base of leaflets)

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14
Q

Who/Where are Mitral Annular Calcifications?

A
  • Females older than 60

= Calcific deposits in fibrous annulus (base of leaflets)

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15
Q

What do Mitral Annular Calcifications lead to?

A

Arrhythmias –> heart block and sudden death

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16
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

Valve leaflets prolapse back into left atrium during systole
– Hooding of the leaflets is seen

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17
Q

What syndrome is Mitral Valve Prolapse common?

A

Marfan Syndrome

18
Q

What are the signs of Mitral Valve Prolapse?

A

Mid-systolic click

Dyspnea

19
Q

ALL valvular abnormalities seem to be associated with an increased risk for?

A

Infective Endocarditis

20
Q

ALL valvular abnormalities seem to be associated with an increased risk for?

A

Infective Endocarditis

21
Q

Describe how Rheumatic Fever arises

A
  • Group A Streptococcus Pharyngitis
  • Antibodies to M streptococcal protein
  • Reactive to self antigens in body
    = Fever, large joints, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, syndenham chorea and heart disease
22
Q

What antibodies will be (+) with Rheumatic fever?

A

DNase B

Streptolysin B

23
Q

Rheumatic Heart Disease affects which valves in order from most often to least often?

A

MAT

  • Mitral
  • Aortic
  • Tricuspid
24
Q

Findings of Acute Rheumatic Heart Disease?

A
  • Peri/Myo/Endo (pan) - carditis
  • Verrucae formation
  • MacCallum Plaques
25
Q

Findings of Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease?

A
  • Valvular leaflet thickening

- Valvular stenosis

26
Q

Infective Endocarditis usually occurs where and is of what origin?

A
  • BACTERIAL

- - usually occurs on abnormal or prosthetic heart valves

27
Q

Acute Infective Endocarditis symptoms

A

Rapid fever, chills and weakness

28
Q

What bacteria usually causes Acute Infective Endocarditis?

A

Staph. Aureus

29
Q

With IV drug use, where will the infective endocarditis be and what bacteria?

A

Right sided

- Staph. Aureus

30
Q

Subacute Infective Endocarditis Symptoms?

A

Low grade fever and fatigue

31
Q

What bacteria may cause Subacute Infective Endocarditis especially on prosthetic heart valves?

A

Staph. Epidermidis

32
Q

What bacteria may cause Subacute Infective Endocarditis, especially after dental procedures?

A

Strep. Viridans and HACEK group

33
Q

What other manifestations can be seen with Infective Endocarditis? (4)

A

Subungual splinter hemorrhages
Janeway lesions
Osler nodes
Roth spots on eye

34
Q

What other manifestations can be seen with Infective Endocarditis? (4)

A

Subungual splinter hemorrhages
Janeway lesions
Osler nodes
Roth spots on eye

35
Q

What are 3 possible causes of NONbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis?

A

Cancer
SLE
Antiphospholipid Syndrome

36
Q

Symptoms of NONbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis?

A

Asymptomatic –> Valvular thrombi

37
Q

How does Carcinoid Heart Disease arise?

A
  • Carcinoid tumors secrete serotonin

- Plaque-like endocardial and valve thickening

38
Q

Symptoms and side of Carcinoid Heart Disease?

A
  • RIGHT side

= Flushing, diarrhea and bronchospasm

39
Q

Asymptomatic –> valvular thrombi

A

NONbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

40
Q

Flushing, diarrhea and bronchospasm with the right side of the heart affected are seen with?

A

Carcinoid Heart Disease

2 - CPR (cardio) (44 decks)

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