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2 - CPR (cardio) > Pediatric Cardiology > Flashcards

Pediatric Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 things that close AFTER BIRTH in the newborn’s heart?

A
  1. Foramen ovale
  2. Ductus Arteriosus
  3. Ductus Venosus
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2
Q

What does Foramen Ovale connect and why?

A

Connects the right atrium to the left atrium so that blood can bypass the lungs in utero

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3
Q

What does the Ductus Arteriosus connect and why?

A

Connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta so that blood bypasses the developing lungs in utero

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4
Q

Once Ductus Arteriosus closes, what does it become?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

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5
Q

Describe the blood flow through the Ductus Venosus?

A

Oxygen rich from placenta -> Umbilical vein -> ductus venosus -> inferior vena cava -> heart

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6
Q

Once Ductus Venosus closes, what does it become?

A

Ligamentum Venosum

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7
Q

When does foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus and ductus venosus close?

A

After birth

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the newborn pulse oximetry screening test?

A

Identify babies at risk for sudden death from critical congenital heart disease

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9
Q

The newborn pulse oximetry screening test is NOT a diagnostic test. If the baby fails the screening, what is required?

A

Further hypoxemia work up

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the newborn pulse oximetry screening test?

A

Identify babies at risk for sudden death from critical congenital heart disease – hypoxemia

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11
Q

When will a baby fail the newborn pulse oximetry screen?

A
  1. O2 sats are less than 90%

2. Right hand sat. is between 90-95% OR difference between right hand and foot is greater than 3%

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12
Q

When will a baby fail the newborn pulse oximetry screening test?

A
  1. O2 sats are less than 90%

2. Right hand sat. is between 90-95% OR difference between the right hand and foot is greater than 3%

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13
Q

If a baby fails the newborn pulse oximetry screening, when should it be repeated?

A

1 hour later

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of a newborn with significant cardiac disease?

A

Cyanosis, tachypnea, cough, diaphoresis, cannot finish a bottle with failure to gain weight and developmental delay

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15
Q

What will be seen on physical exam with a newborn that has significant cardiac disease?

A

Hypoxia, wheeze/crackles, murmur, abnormal pulses, edema

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of an adolescent with significant cardiac disease?

A

Syncope, easy fatigue/exercise intolerance, palpitations or chest pain, diaphoresis, asthma-like

17
Q

What will be seen on physical exam of an adolescent with significant cardiac disease?

A

Hypoxia, wheeze/crackles, murmur, abnormal pulses, edema

18
Q

A baby with tachypnea means the RR is > than?

A

60 breaths/minute

19
Q

What can tachypnea in a newborn be a sign of?

A

Congenital heart disease

20
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for a baby with a RR > 60?

A

Congenital heart disease, RDS, infection, meconium aspiration, pneumothorax

21
Q

What are the 6 components of a cardiac murmur?

A
  1. Grade 1-6
  2. Timing
  3. Character
  4. Location
  5. Radiation
  6. Change with position of patient
22
Q

What are the 6 components of a cardiac murmur?

A
  1. Grade 1-6
  2. Timing
  3. Character
  4. Location
  5. Radiation
  6. Change with position of patient
23
Q

What are the 7 S’s of INNOCENT murmurs in children?

A
  1. Sensitive to position change
  2. Short duration
  3. Single sound
  4. Small and non-radiating
  5. Soft (grade <3)
  6. Sweet (not harsh)
  7. Systolic
24
Q

What are the 7 S’s of INNOCENT murmurs in children?

A
  1. Sensitive to position change
  2. Shorter duration
  3. Single sound
  4. Small (non-radiating(
  5. Soft (grade <3)
  6. Sweet
  7. Systolic
25
Q

Innocent murmurs in children often change with _____ while pathologic murmurs do NOT

A

Child’s position

26
Q

What is an exception to a pathologic murmur that changes with a child’s position and when does it change?

A

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Sub-aortic Stenosis

– Gets louder from supine -> upright

27
Q

What is an exception to a pathologic murmur in children that DOES change with the child’s position and when does it change?

A

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Sub-aortic Stenosis

– gets louder from supine -> upright

28
Q

_____ murmurs need further evaluation

A

Diastolic

29
Q

BP range varies with what 2 things?

A

Age and height

30
Q

If the BP cuff is too small, the BP will be?

A

High

31
Q

If the BP cuff is too big, the BP will be?

A

Low

32
Q

BP cuff should cover ____ of the child’s arm

A

2/3

33
Q

BP range in a child varies with?

A

Age and height

2 - CPR (cardio) (44 decks)

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