Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis Flashcards
Mechanical prosthetic heart valves have a risk of?
Thromboembolism
Bioprosthetic (tissue) heart valves have an increased risk of?
Mechanical failure
Heart is structurally and functionally abnormal with mechanical/electrical dysfunction
Cardiomyopathy
3 common types of heart muscle diseases (cardiomyopathies)?
- Dilated
- Hypertrophic
- Restrictive
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Enlargement of all chambers with hypertrophy of muscle mass
Enlargement of all chambers with hypertrophic muscles of the heart?
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
What type of dysfunction is seen with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Systolic
What are the possible signs of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
- Progressive CHF
- Arrhythmias
- Thromboembolism
- 20-50 years old
Dilated Cardiomyopathy can be inherited autosomal ____ with what mutations?
Autosomal Dominant
- TTN gene with Titin mutation
Which drugs (chemo agents) can cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
What other gene mutation/mineral overload may cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Hemochromatosis
– HFE gene
= IRON overload
“bronze diabetes” suggests what disease that can be associated with Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Hemochromatosis – elevated iron
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy is a type of dilated cardiomyopathy. Describe how it arises.
- Emotional distress
- Elevated catecholamines
- Ballooning of LV
= > Ischemic cardiomyopathy
“broken heart syndrome” has elevated?
Takosubo cardiomyopathy
- elevated catecholamines
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder with mutations commonly in?
Beta-myosin heavy chain
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder with mutations commonly in?
Beta-myosin heavy chain
With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, where is the hypertrophy and disarray of myoctes?
SEPTAL
Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
= Sudden death during exercise of teenager
– systolic ejection murmur
Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
= Sudden death during exercise of teenager
- Systolic ejection murmur
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is what and is possible due to?
Stiffness of ventricles – impaired filling
– may be due to amyloid deposition or fibrosis
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is what and is possibly due to?
Stiffness of ventricles – impaired filling
- May be due to amyloid deposition or fibrosis
What is the result of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
Congestive Heart Failure
Insoluble beta-pleated sheet deposits in the myocardium?
Amyloid
– Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
(+) apple green birefringence with congo red stain
Amyloid
