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2 - CPR (cardio) > Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical prosthetic heart valves have a risk of?

A

Thromboembolism

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2
Q

Bioprosthetic (tissue) heart valves have an increased risk of?

A

Mechanical failure

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3
Q

Heart is structurally and functionally abnormal with mechanical/electrical dysfunction

A

Cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

3 common types of heart muscle diseases (cardiomyopathies)?

A
  • Dilated
  • Hypertrophic
  • Restrictive
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5
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Enlargement of all chambers with hypertrophy of muscle mass

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6
Q

Enlargement of all chambers with hypertrophic muscles of the heart?

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

What type of dysfunction is seen with dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Systolic

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8
Q

What are the possible signs of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Progressive CHF
  • Arrhythmias
  • Thromboembolism
  • 20-50 years old
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9
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy can be inherited autosomal ____ with what mutations?

A

Autosomal Dominant

- TTN gene with Titin mutation

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10
Q

Which drugs (chemo agents) can cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A

Doxorubicin

Daunorubicin

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11
Q

What other gene mutation/mineral overload may cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A

Hemochromatosis
– HFE gene
= IRON overload

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12
Q

“bronze diabetes” suggests what disease that can be associated with Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A

Hemochromatosis – elevated iron

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13
Q

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy is a type of dilated cardiomyopathy. Describe how it arises.

A
  • Emotional distress
  • Elevated catecholamines
  • Ballooning of LV
    = > Ischemic cardiomyopathy
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14
Q

“broken heart syndrome” has elevated?

A

Takosubo cardiomyopathy

- elevated catecholamines

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15
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder with mutations commonly in?

A

Beta-myosin heavy chain

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16
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder with mutations commonly in?

A

Beta-myosin heavy chain

17
Q

With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, where is the hypertrophy and disarray of myoctes?

A

SEPTAL

18
Q

Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A

= Sudden death during exercise of teenager

– systolic ejection murmur

19
Q

Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A

= Sudden death during exercise of teenager

- Systolic ejection murmur

20
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is what and is possible due to?

A

Stiffness of ventricles – impaired filling

– may be due to amyloid deposition or fibrosis

21
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is what and is possibly due to?

A

Stiffness of ventricles – impaired filling

- May be due to amyloid deposition or fibrosis

22
Q

What is the result of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

A

Congestive Heart Failure

23
Q

Insoluble beta-pleated sheet deposits in the myocardium?

A

Amyloid

– Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

24
Q

(+) apple green birefringence with congo red stain

A

Amyloid

25
Q

Hypertrophic and Restrictive Cardiomyopathies are both _____ dysfunctions

A

Diastolic

26
Q

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy is caused by?

A

Defective cell adhesion proteins in desmosomes between cardiac myocytes

27
Q

What is seen with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy?

A

RV myocardium is replaced by adipose tissue and fibrosis

28
Q

RV myocardium is replaced by adipose tissue and fibrosis

A

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

29
Q

What 4 things can Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy cause?

A
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
  • Premature contractions
  • Fibrillation
  • Death
30
Q

Naxos Syndrome

A

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy + plantar/palmar hyperkeratosis and wooly hair

31
Q

Naxos Syndrome and associated mutation

A

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy + plantar/palmar hyperkeratosis and wooly hair
– Plakoglobin mutation

32
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of cardiac muscle

33
Q

The clinical presentation for myocarditis varies. What 2 viruses are the most common cause?

A

Coxsackie B virus

COVID19

34
Q

What are the 2 most common viruses that cause myocarditis?

A

Coxsackie B virus

COVID19

35
Q

What type of myocarditis is caused by Coxsackie B virus or COVID 19?

A

Lymphocytic myocarditis

36
Q

Eosinophilic myocarditis may be due to?

A

Underlying allergy or drug reaction

- rule out parasites

37
Q

Idiopathic Giant Cell Myocarditis

A

Giant cells + eosinophils = pooooor prognosis!

38
Q

Myocardial sarcoidosis

A

Giant cells with Non-necrotizing granulomas

39
Q

What are 3 other causes of myocarditis?

A

Lyme disease
Trichinella spiralis - undercooked pork
Chagas disease

2 - CPR (cardio) (44 decks)

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