Secondary HTN Drugs

Question 1

What are the 4 loops diuretics (K+ losing)?

Answer 1

Furosemide
Torsdemide
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic acid

Question 2

Where do the Loops Diuretics work at?

Answer 2

Thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

Question 3

MOA for Loops diuretics?

Answer 3

(-) Na, K, 2Cl cotransporter

Question 4

Unlike Thiazide diuretics, Loop diuretics are effective in patients with?

Answer 4

LOW GFR

Question 5

What toxicity can occur when taking Loop diuretics like Furosemide?

Answer 5

Ototoxicity

Question 6

What electrolyte changes are seen/allergy with Loop Diuretics?

Answer 6

Hypo-electrolytes

Sulfonamide allergy patients should not take

Question 7

There are 2 types of K+ sparing Diuretics. What are they?

Answer 7

Aldosterone Antagonists

ENaC blockers

Question 8

There are 2 types of K+ sparing Diuretics. What are they?

Answer 8

Aldosterone Antagonists

ENaC blockers

Question 9

What are the Aldosterone Antagonists?

Answer 9

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

Question 10

What are the ENaC blockers?

Answer 10

Amiloride

Triamterene

Question 11

What are the ENaC blockers?

Answer 11

Amiloride

Triamterene

Question 12

Where do K+ sparing Diuretics, (ENaC blockers and Aldosterone Antagonists) work?

Answer 12

Collecting duct

Question 13

Where do K+ sparing Diuretics (ENaC blockers and Aldosterone Antagonists) work?

Answer 13

Collecting duct

Question 14

MOA for ENaC blockers?

Answer 14

(-) Na+ channels at collecting duct

Question 15

What electrolyte change can K+ sparing Diuretics result in?

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia

Question 16

What are 4 K+ sparing Diuretics?

Answer 16

Amiloride
Triamterene
Spironolactone
Eplerenone

Question 17

What is a direct Renin inhibitor?

Answer 17

Aliskiren

Question 18

MOA for Aliskiren?

Answer 18

(-) Renin from converting Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin 1

Question 19

Are they any benefits for taking Aliskiren (Renin (-))?

Answer 19

NO - evidence of increased risk of adverse effects

Question 20

What is a nonselective Beta Blocker?

Answer 20

Propranolol

Question 21

What are 3 Beta1 blockers?

Answer 21

Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
Atenolol

Question 22

What are 3 Beta1 blockers?

Answer 22

Metoprolol
Bisoprolol
Atenolol

Question 23

Abrupt stoppage of ____ and ____ will cause an increase in SNS tone = tachycardia, rebound HTN, MI or death

Answer 23

alpha 2 agonists and beta blockers

Question 24

Alpha 1 receptor job

Answer 24

Vasoconstriction

Question 25

Alpha 2 receptor job

Answer 25

Inhibitory feedback mechanisms in brain to decrease sympathetic tone

Question 26

Beta1 receptor job

Answer 26

Increase HR, contractility and renin secretion

Question 27

Beta2 receptor job

Answer 27

Skeletal muscle vasodilation

Question 28

What are 3 alpha1 blockers?

Answer 28

Prazosin Doxazosin Terazosin

Question 29

What are 3 alpha1 blockers?

Answer 29

Prazosin Doxazosin Terazosin

Question 30

Adverse effects of Alpha1 blockers like Prazosin?

Answer 30

Orthostatic hypotension | Retrograde ejaculation

Question 31

What else can Alpha1 blockers like Doxazosin and Terazosin treat?

Answer 31

BPH and kidney stones

Question 32

Where do Alpha2 Agonists target?

Answer 32

Brainstem

Question 33

What are 2 Alpha2 Agonists?

Answer 33

Clonidine | Methyldopa

Question 34

What are 2 Alpha2 Agonists?

Answer 34

Clonidine | Methyldopa

Question 35

What are the adverse effects of Clonidine and what is its drug class?

Answer 35

Alpha2 Agonist | -- Rebound HTN if dose missed, xerostomia, drowsy

Question 36

When is Methyldopa used and what is its drug class?

Answer 36

Alpha2 Agonist | = Used for gestational HTN (during pregnancy)

Question 37

What are the adverse effects seen with Methyldopa use and what is its drug class?

Answer 37

Alpha2 Agonist - (+) coombs test - SLE like syndrome

Question 38

What are 3 direct vasodilators?

Answer 38

Hydralazine Nitroprusside Minoxidil

Question 39

What are 3 direct vasodilators?

Answer 39

Hydralazine Nitroprusside Minoxidil

Question 40

3 vasodilators, what they dilate and when/if they are used?

Answer 40

1. Hydralazine (artery dilation) -- used in HTN emergency of pregnant women 2. Nitroprusside (artery and vein dilation) 3. Minoxidil (artery dilation)