Aneurysm Flashcards
What is an Aneurysm?
Dilation of blood vessel
abnormal and focal
What is an Aneurysm?
Dilation of blood vessel
abnormal and focal
What are the 2 types of True Aneurysms?
Saccular
Fusiform
Saccular true aneurysms
Dilation of one side of the vessel
Fusiform true aneurysms
Bilateral and symmetric dilation of the vessel
True aneurysms have an ____ wall at site of dilation
INTACT
False aneurysm
Wall defect that allows blood communication into a space covered with connective tissue
= Extravascular hematoma
Wall defect that allows blood communication into a space covered with connective tissue
Extravascular Hematoma
= False aneurysm
Aneurysms/dissections are common in what 2 connective tissue disorders?
Marfan Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome has a mutation in?
COL3A1 (collagen) mutation
What are the findings with Ehlers Danlos Syndrome?
- Joint hyperextensibility
- Fragile and elastic skin
- Bruising and abnormal healing
Joint hyper-extensibility, fragile/elastic skin and bruising with abnormal healing
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
What is the most important risk factor for developing an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
Atherosclerosis
What is the most important risk factor for developing an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
Atherosclerosis
In who and where are Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms common?
Older males who smoke
= Below Renal arteries and Above the bifurcation
Asymptomatic AAA
Pulsatile abdominal mass or incidental finding
Symptomatic but not ruptured AAA
Abdomen/back pain with pulsatile abdominal mass
Symptomatic and ruptured AAA
Abdomen/back pain
Pulsatile abdominal mass
HYPOtension
The risk of a AAA rupturing increases when its diameter is greater than?
5 cm
What is the most important risk factor for developing a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm?
Hypertension
What is the most important risk factor for developing a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm?
Hypertension
The symptoms of a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm are due to?
Compression of adjacent structures
What are possible compressions/symptoms associated with a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm?
- Respiratory tree = trouble breathing
- Esophagus = dysphagia
- Recurrent Laryngeal N. = coughing
What is another condition in which a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm can occur?
Tertiary Syphilis (treponema pallidum)
How does a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm develop with Tertiary Syphilis?
Obliterative endarteritis of vasa vasorum
= Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Besides a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm, what other aortic manifestation can be seen with Treponema pallidum?
Aortic valve regurgitation
What is an Aortic Dissection?
Intimal layer tear allows blood to fill a channel between the intima and media layers
What is an Aortic Dissection?
Intimal layer tear allows blood to fill a channel between the intima and media layers of the vessel
What are some causes of Aortic Dissections?
Hypertension
Marfan syndrome/Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
What is the triad seen with Aortic Dissections?
Thoracic pain
Pulse abnormalities
Widened mediastinum
What is the triad seen with an Aortic Dissection?
Thoracic pain
Pulse abnormalities
Widened mediastinum
What is the most common location for an Aortic Dissection?
Proximal to the Left common carotid artery
What is the most common location for an Aortic Dissection?
Proximal to the Left common carotid artery
What is the most common type of Aortic Dissection and describe it
DeBakey 1
- Proximal tear and blood fills channel that extends down the aorta on both sides
What is the most common type of Aortic Dissection and describe it
DeBakey 1
- Proximal tear and blood fills channel that extends down aorta on both sides
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis has what (+) marker?
PR-3 ANCA
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis has what (+) marker?
MPO-ANCA
