Heart Failure Flashcards by Kolbie Chancellor

Heart Failure

Syndrome that results from structural/functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the cardinal symptoms of Heart Failure?

Dyspnea, fatigue, edema and rales

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the cardinal symptoms of Heart Failure?

Dyspnea, fatigue, edema and rales

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HFpEF

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HFrEF

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

= LVEF < 40%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Refractory (unmanageable) heart failure that requires specialized interventions

Advanced Heart Failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cor Pulmonale

Chronic Lung Disease that results in altered Right Ventricle structure/function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some risk factors for Heart Failure?

Age, obesity, smoking, hypertension and atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are specific risk factors for HFrEF?

Male

LVH, BBB, Previous MI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Males are at greater risk for what type of heart failure?

HFrEF

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are specific risk factors for HFpEF?

Females

Atrial fibrillation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Females are at a greater risk for what type of heart failure?

HFpEF

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the pathogenesis of Heart Failure

Injury to myocardium or disease state that leads to decreased contraction of ventricles
(+) of SNS and RAAS
= Increased HR, contraction, blood pressure and volume

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an example of a disease state that leads to decreased contraction of ventricles and thus propagating Heart Failure Pathogenesis?

CAD

> MI
> Dilated cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The clinical presentation of Heart Failure is difficult to identify at early stages. What are 2 basic categories of signs?

Congestion

Hypoperfusion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Congestion symptoms of Heart Failure?

Dyspnea
Orthopnea and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Weight fluctuations
Edema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hypoperfusion symptoms of Heart Failure?

Exercise and cold intolerance
Fatigue
Decreased mentation

What may be heart on auscultation of the heart with Heart Failure?

S3 gallop

How is BNP useful with diagnosing Heart Failure?

If it is within NORMAL limits it rules OUT heart failure

What are some labs to order for Heart Failure Diagnosis?

EKG
CXR (not good for detecting lung congestion)
TTE Echocardiography – chamber dilation and/or hypertrophy

ACC/AHA staging classifications of Heart Failure

Progressive with increasing mortality

– A –> D

NYHA staging classifications of Heart Failure?

Only a snapshot at the time

– I –> IV

Overall treatment goals of Heart Failure?

Improve symptoms, quality and duration of life

– Prevent hospital admission

To treat HFrEF, what improves the patients symptoms?

Diuretics

To treat HFrEF, what prevents remodeling?

ACEi and beta-blocker | -- Can add MR antagonist

If the patient is eligible, what is the best treatment option?

Cardiac transplant and rehab (exercise)

To treat HFpEF, what is the recommended treatment?

Diuretics ONLY and then treat comorbidities

Common comorbitidies with Heart Failure?

Hypertension | Hyperlipidemia

Common complications of Heart Failure?

Anxiety, sadness, sleep issues, fatigue | Pain and cognitive issues

How does Cor Pulmonale arise?

Lung diseases --> pulmonary HTN - -> Increased RV afterload - -> altered RV structure/function

If Cor Pulmonale arises acutely, will there be RVH?

No | ex. Pulmonary embolism

If Cor Pulmonale arises chronically and over time, will there be RVH?

Yes

Symptoms of Cor Pulmonale?

DYSPNEA (due to lung disease) | LE swelling and ascites

Symptoms of Cor Pulmonale?

DYSPNEA (due to lung disease) | LE swelling and ascites

What may a CXR show with cor pulmonale?

Enlarged pulmonary arteries

If a TTE Echocardiography is limited due to a patient's lung disease with cor pulmonale, what tests should be done?

MRI and right heart catheterization

Treatment of Cor Pulmonale?

Oxygen delivery and volume status maintained Hemodynamic support Manage other conditions/palliative care

Prevention of Heart Failure?

1. Treat conditions that leads to heart failure | 2. Prevent development of further cardiac remodeling and symptoms

Main thing that causes Right sided heart failure?

Pulmonary HTN from lung diseases | = Increased RV afterload

Clinical presentation of Heart Failure?

Congestion - dyspnea | Hypoperfusion - exercise intolerance, fatigue