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2 - CPR (cardio) > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Failure

A

Syndrome that results from structural/functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood

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2
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms of Heart Failure?

A

Dyspnea, fatigue, edema and rales

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3
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms of Heart Failure?

A

Dyspnea, fatigue, edema and rales

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4
Q

HFpEF

A

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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5
Q

HFrEF

A

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

= LVEF < 40%

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6
Q

Refractory (unmanageable) heart failure that requires specialized interventions

A

Advanced Heart Failure

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7
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Chronic Lung Disease that results in altered Right Ventricle structure/function

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8
Q

What are some risk factors for Heart Failure?

A

Age, obesity, smoking, hypertension and atherosclerosis

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9
Q

What are specific risk factors for HFrEF?

A

Male

LVH, BBB, Previous MI

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10
Q

Males are at greater risk for what type of heart failure?

A

HFrEF

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11
Q

What are specific risk factors for HFpEF?

A

Females

Atrial fibrillation

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12
Q

Females are at a greater risk for what type of heart failure?

A

HFpEF

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13
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Heart Failure

A
  • Injury to myocardium or disease state that leads to decreased contraction of ventricles
  • (+) of SNS and RAAS
    = Increased HR, contraction, blood pressure and volume
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14
Q

What is an example of a disease state that leads to decreased contraction of ventricles and thus propagating Heart Failure Pathogenesis?

A

CAD

  • > MI
  • > Dilated cardiomyopathy
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15
Q

The clinical presentation of Heart Failure is difficult to identify at early stages. What are 2 basic categories of signs?

A

Congestion

Hypoperfusion

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16
Q

Congestion symptoms of Heart Failure?

A

Dyspnea
Orthopnea and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Weight fluctuations
Edema

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17
Q

Hypoperfusion symptoms of Heart Failure?

A

Exercise and cold intolerance
Fatigue
Decreased mentation

18
Q

What may be heart on auscultation of the heart with Heart Failure?

A

S3 gallop

19
Q

How is BNP useful with diagnosing Heart Failure?

A

If it is within NORMAL limits it rules OUT heart failure

20
Q

What are some labs to order for Heart Failure Diagnosis?

A

EKG
CXR (not good for detecting lung congestion)
TTE Echocardiography – chamber dilation and/or hypertrophy

21
Q

ACC/AHA staging classifications of Heart Failure

A

Progressive with increasing mortality

– A –> D

22
Q

NYHA staging classifications of Heart Failure?

A

Only a snapshot at the time

– I –> IV

23
Q

Overall treatment goals of Heart Failure?

A

Improve symptoms, quality and duration of life

– Prevent hospital admission

24
Q

To treat HFrEF, what improves the patients symptoms?

A

Diuretics

25
Q

To treat HFrEF, what prevents remodeling?

A

ACEi and beta-blocker

– Can add MR antagonist

26
Q

If the patient is eligible, what is the best treatment option?

A

Cardiac transplant and rehab (exercise)

27
Q

To treat HFpEF, what is the recommended treatment?

A

Diuretics ONLY and then treat comorbidities

28
Q

Common comorbitidies with Heart Failure?

A

Hypertension

Hyperlipidemia

29
Q

Common complications of Heart Failure?

A

Anxiety, sadness, sleep issues, fatigue

Pain and cognitive issues

30
Q

How does Cor Pulmonale arise?

A

Lung diseases –> pulmonary HTN

  • -> Increased RV afterload
  • -> altered RV structure/function
31
Q

If Cor Pulmonale arises acutely, will there be RVH?

A

No

ex. Pulmonary embolism

32
Q

If Cor Pulmonale arises chronically and over time, will there be RVH?

A

Yes

33
Q

Symptoms of Cor Pulmonale?

A

DYSPNEA (due to lung disease)

LE swelling and ascites

34
Q

Symptoms of Cor Pulmonale?

A

DYSPNEA (due to lung disease)

LE swelling and ascites

35
Q

What may a CXR show with cor pulmonale?

A

Enlarged pulmonary arteries

36
Q

If a TTE Echocardiography is limited due to a patient’s lung disease with cor pulmonale, what tests should be done?

A

MRI and right heart catheterization

37
Q

Treatment of Cor Pulmonale?

A

Oxygen delivery and volume status maintained
Hemodynamic support
Manage other conditions/palliative care

38
Q

Prevention of Heart Failure?

A
  1. Treat conditions that leads to heart failure

2. Prevent development of further cardiac remodeling and symptoms

39
Q

Main thing that causes Right sided heart failure?

A

Pulmonary HTN from lung diseases

= Increased RV afterload

40
Q

Clinical presentation of Heart Failure?

A

Congestion - dyspnea

Hypoperfusion - exercise intolerance, fatigue

2 - CPR (cardio) (44 decks)

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