Unit 4- Subcutaneous Mycoses

Question 1

Sporothrix schenkii

Answer 1

Saprophytic, dimorphic, sporotrichosis in human, horse, dog, and cat, mold at room temp, budding pleomorphic yeasts in tissue, gram stain on yeast phase, wright or giemsa or PAS on either phase

Question 2

S. schenkii Disease

Answer 2

Chronic ulcerative lymphangitis of skin and Q in human, cutaneous or cutaneoulymphatic disease in horse and dog, cutaneoulymphatic disease in cat

Question 3

S schenkii Structure

Answer 3

Adhesins, lipid to inhibit phagocytosis, melanin, peptide rhamnomannan immunosuppresses cytokines, sialic acids inhibit phagocytosis and degrade complement, proteinases

Question 4

Rose Gardener’s Disease

Answer 4

S schenkii infection in humans associated with gardening

Question 5

S schenkii Transmission

Answer 5

Infection, cutaneous infection, inflammation and necrosis of skin, tissue and lymphatic invasion, lymphadenitis in regional lymph nodes, draining abscesses, pyogranulomatous

Question 6

S schenkii Immunology

Answer 6

Cell mediated immunity

Question 7

S schenkii Diagnosis

Answer 7

Cigar body shaped yeast forms in exudate or biopsy, immunofluorescence, latex agglutination, gel diffusion, and PCR for chitin synthase 1, daisy head arrangement on tape preparation, asteroid body

Question 8

Histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 8

Dimorphic, mold in saprophyte phase, yeast in parasitic phase

Question 9

H capsulatum var farciminosum

Answer 9

Pseudoglanders, epizootic lymphangitis, pyogranulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis in equines, camels, cattle, and dog

Question 10

H capsulatum var farciminosum Diagnosis

Answer 10

Sterile hyphae in culture, athroconidia, chamyconidia, and macroconidia, wright or giemsa stain on yeast phase, SAD agar, slow growing, mold to yeast conversion on warm blood agar

Question 11

H capsulatum var farciminosum Transmission

Answer 11

Survives in nitrogen rich soil, skin wound infection, yeast from lesions or exudates, mycelium in soil, fomites, arthropod transmission

Question 12

H capsulatum var farciminosum Pathogenesis

Answer 12

Skin nodule bursts to ulcer, lymphatic develop nodules, regional lymph nodes abscess, hematogenous spread, suppurative to granulomatous, skin lesions

Question 13

H capsulatum var farciminosum Epidemiology

Answer 13

Seasonal peaks, young horses most susceptible, cell mediated immunity, agar gel or serum agglutination antigens

Question 14

Pythium insidiosum

Answer 14

Pythiosis, swamp cancer, florida horse leeches, aquatic oomycete with wide sepate hyphae, pyogranulomatous lesions, dog and horses

Question 15

Phytiosis Lesions

Answer 15

Large exudative swellings in horse on extremities, hyphae on kunkers or leeches, necrotic macrophages

Question 16

Phytiosis Diagnosis

Answer 16

Cytology, ELISA, PCR, IHC, tedious culture

Question 17

Immunotherapy

Answer 17

Purified P insidiosum antigens trigger TH2 and TH1 response, activating macrophages, clearing infection

Question 18

Dematiaceous

Answer 18

Dark pigmented

Question 19

Chromoblastomytosis

Answer 19

Human, frog, and toad, saprophytes, demitaceous, nodular, sclerotic bodies in stained biopsy, dark colonies

Question 20

Phaeohyphomycosis

Answer 20

Cat, dog, horse, cattle, and goats, may be systemic, demitaceous, nodular, hyphae in stained biopsy, dark colonies

Question 21

Eumycotic Mycetoma Fungi

Answer 21

Pseudallesceria boydii, Cochliobolus spiciferus, and Curvularia geniculata

Question 22

Eumycotic Mycetoma

Answer 22

Sexual forms of saphrophytes that enter through a wound, swelling, granule, and discharging sinuses, colonies surrounded by suppuration surrounded by granuloma, treat with excision

Question 23

Rhinosporidium seeberi

Answer 23

Rhinosporidiosis, chronic granulomatous infection at mucocutaneous junction, cauliflower polyps, large sporangia on tissue section filled with endospores, ineffective treatment