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Bacteriology > Unit 1- Taxonomy > Flashcards

Unit 1- Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Frank Pathogens

A

Cause disease in any host, considered a pathogen when isolated

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2
Q

Opportunistic Pathogens

A

Capable of causing disease given the opportunity, often normal part of flora, capable of causing disease in normally sterile tissues

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3
Q

Non-Pathogens

A

Can cause disease in hosts with weak immune system

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4
Q

D=N*V/R

A

Disease equals number of organisms times virulence divided by resistance

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5
Q

Bacterial Classification Schemes

A

Speed up identification using a limited number of characteristics

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6
Q

Bacterial Nomenclature

A

Binomial system with specific naming conventions that assigns a genus and species

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7
Q

Bacterial Identification

A

Based on morphological, biochemical, and serological traits

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8
Q

Gram-Positive

A

Thick peptidoglycan wall and appear blue/violet after staining

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9
Q

Gram-Negative

A

Thin peptidoglycan wall but lipid-rich outer membrane and appear red after staining

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10
Q

Gram Stain Procedure

A

Make a thin smear, stain with crystal violet, stain with Gram’s iodine, stain with safranin, rinse

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11
Q

Peptidoglycan Network

A

Lyseine and alanine are linked

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12
Q

β-Lactams

A

Bind penicillin-binding proteins and inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis

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13
Q

Lysozyme

A

Breaks bonds between tetrapeptides in peptidoglycan network

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14
Q

Disruption of Peptidoglycan

A

Lysozyme or penicillin will cause cytoplasmic membrane blebbing, and fragmentation

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15
Q

Acid Fast Bacteria

A

Mycolic acids connect muramic acid and lipids and prevent acid decolorization, staining red

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16
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

Endotoxin in gram-negative bacterial outer membrane, promotes secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages

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17
Q

Bacteremia

A

Bacteria in blood

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18
Q

Endotoxic Shock

A

Continuing host response to endotoxin and inflammation cause disease

19
Q

Flagella

A

Filamentous appendages that allow for motility

20
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Capsule with a lipid anchor that is associated with the cell

21
Q

H Antigens

22
Q

K antigens

A

Capsule antigens

23
Q

Exopolysaccharide

A

Slime layer surrounds capsule and forms biofilm

24
Q

Pili

A

Filamentous appendages that allow for adhesion and sex pili, highly antigenic and can be used for diagnosis

25
Q

Fimbriae

A

Pili used for adhesion

26
Q

Sex Pili

A

Allow transfer of DNA between donor and recipient

27
Q

Fermentation

A

Anaerobic glycolysis, produces acids and alcohols

28
Q

Respiration

A

Aerobic oxidation

29
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Light absorbed by pigments to generate ATP

30
Q

Thermophiles

A

Prefer hot temperatures

31
Q

Mesophiles

A

Prefer warm temperatures

32
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Prefer cool temperatures

33
Q

Facultative Anaerobe

A

Grows with or without oxygen

34
Q

Microaerophile

A

Requires reduced oxygen

35
Q

Sugar breakdown

A

Aerobic oxidation or anaerobic fermentation

36
Q

Capnophile

A

Requires increased carbon dioxide

37
Q

Basic Media Types

A

Defined/simple or enriched/complex

38
Q

Identification Media

A

Differential, selective, enriched, transport

39
Q

MacConkey Agar

A

Differential media that changes color if the bacteria ferments lactose

40
Q

Stewart’s Transport Medium

A

Used for transport of samples, helps scavenge oxygen to preserve anaerobes, semi-solid consistency to minimize oxygenation

41
Q

Metabolism

A

Net result of biochemical activities associated with catabolism and anabolism, leading to growth

42
Q

ATP

A

Generation synonymous with energy generation

43
Q

Metabolic Footprint

A

Byproducts associated with metabolism can be used to ID bacteria

Bacteriology (44 decks)

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