Unit 4- Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

Important Genera

A

Treponema, Borrelia, Brachyspira, and Leptospira

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2
Q

Spirochetes

A

Spiral, motile, gram neg, transverse fission division, outer sheath, axial filament

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3
Q

Axial Filament

A

Inserts through proximal hook and runs along protoplasmic cylinder under the outer sheath to act as a flagella and provide motility along a helical path

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4
Q

Staining

A

Too thin to ID by gram stain, use darkfield, phase contrast, immunofluoresence, or silver

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5
Q

Borrelia

A

Microaerophilic, slow growing, motile, gram stain, silver stains, giemsa, or darkfield, require LCFA glucose and amino acids for growth, tick intermediate host

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6
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi, aerobic and fastidious, low numbers in infected animals, difficult to culture, ixodes tick vectors, reservoir hosts to small rodents

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7
Q

Lyme Pathogenesis

A

B burgdorferi LPS and peptidoglycan elicit inflammation, peptidoglycan causes arthritis, IL-1 release causes fever, rash, arthropathy, and antibody synthesis

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8
Q

Lyme Persistence

A

Infection can progress and bacteria remains, autoimmune reaction can contribute

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9
Q

B. burgdorferi Virulence Factors

A

Phase variation of surface antigens, motility, and resistance to host immunity

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10
Q

Horse Lyme

A

Uncommon, cranky attitude, sore back, lameness, fever, depression, arthritis, uveitis, encephalitis, fetal death

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11
Q

Dog Lyme

A

Asymptomatic or symptomatic, fever, lymphadenopathy, inappetence, lethargy, lameness in front legs, CNS infection, renal disease

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12
Q

Cattle Lyme

A

Rare, lameness, fever, loss of appetite, fetal death

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13
Q

Human Lyme

A

Days to weeks before rash occurs, systemic infection, fever, fatigue, rash, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, CNS and PNS, chronic arthritis, neurologic symptoms, heart infection

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14
Q

B. burgdorferi Immunity

A

Humoral immunity, spirochetes killed by antibody and complement, bacterial DNA and autoimmune reaction lead to chronic infection

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15
Q

B. burgdorferi Diagnosis

A

History, clinical signs, staining, serology, western blot, dogs can be asymptomatic carriers

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16
Q

B burgdorferi Vaccine

A

Bacterins can cause autoimmune response, subunit vaccines used

17
Q

Borrelia theileri

A

Febrile anemia of horses and ruminants, bovine borreliosis, relapsing fever, spread by rhipicephalus hard ticks

18
Q

Borrelia anserina

A

Fowl spirochetosis, transmitted by Argas persicus ticks, birds recover in 2 weeks with long lasting immunity

19
Q

Fowl Spirochetosis Clinical Signs

A

Septicemia, paresis, paralysis, necrosis of organs and GI, depression, green diarrhea, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, anemia

20
Q

B. anserina Diagnosis

A

Darkfield microscopy on blood smear, isolation in egg embryo or rabbit tissue

21
Q

B. anserina Vaccine

A

Serotype specific bacterin

22
Q

Borrelia coriaceae

A

Transmitted by Ornithodorus coriacens ticks, epizootic bovine abortion, may be asymptomatic or abortion

23
Q

Relapsing Fever

A

Human borreliosis, zoonotic and lice transmission

24
Q

B vincenti

A

Vincent’s angina, normal oral flora in humans, ulcerative suppurative infection of mouth, can spread to dogs

25
Q

Treponema

A

Anaerobic, foot infections

26
Q

T. brennaborense

A

Bovine papillomatous digital dermatitis, strawberry lesions, polymicrobial, bacterin vaccine previously available

27
Q

Ovine Footrot

A

May be associated with T. brennaborense, debridement, common reoccurring infection, culling, polymicrobial

28
Q

T. paraluis-cuniculi

A

Rabbit syphilis, vent disease, vesicles on genitals and perineum, treatment in humans can lead to Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

29
Q

Brachyspira hydrodysenteriae

A

depression, sleepiness, loss of appetite, bloody diarrhea, swine dysentery, obligate anaerobe, asymptomatic pig reservoir

30
Q

B. hydrodysenteriae Pathogenesis

A

Fecal-oral ingestion, colonizes large intestine mucosa, highly motile, invade goblet cells, hemolysin

31
Q

B. pilosicoli

A

Swine spirochetosis, similar to hydrodysenteriae

32
Q

B. hydrodysenteriae Clinical Signs

A

Mucoid diarrhea progresses, leads to death

33
Q

B. hydrodysenteriae Immunity

A

LPS antibodies, bacterins

34
Q

B. hydrodysenteriae Control

A

Antibiotics, quarantine new additions, bacterins, all in all out

35
Q

B. hydrodysenteriae Diagnosis

A

Progressive filtration of GI extracts and culture on blood agar under anaerobic conditions, hemolytic film

36
Q

Other Brachyspira

A

GI infection, mucoid diarrhea and wasting