Unit 1- Enterococcus

Question 1

Enterococcus

Answer 1

gram positive chains, catalase negative, lancefield group D, facultative anaerobe, non capsulate, non motile

Question 2

Culture Media

Answer 2

Blood agar, Bile Esculin Azide, MacConkey, high salt, Kenner-fecal

Question 3

Bile Esculin Azide Agar

Answer 3

Produce dark colonies on media with high bile

Question 4

MacConkey Agar

Answer 4

Ferments lactose and produces small dark red colonies

Question 5

Kenner-fecal Agar

Answer 5

Selective media for enterococcus

Question 6

Hardy Evironments

Answer 6

Hypotonic, hypertonic, acidic, and alkaline resistant and withstands detergents, oxidation, dessication, and heavy metals

Question 7

Habitat

Answer 7

Normal commensal in colon and bile tract, oral cavity, urethra, and vagina

Question 8

Body Structures

Answer 8

Collagen binding proteins, endocarditis specific pili, surface proteins, enderococcal polysaccharide on surface, aggregation

Question 9

Conjugation

Answer 9

Binds bacteria to bacteria to horizontally transfer genes and acquire broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistance

Question 10

Enzymes

Answer 10

Gelatinase and hyaluronidase

Question 11

Toxins

Answer 11

Cytolysin, hemolysin, and sex pheromone

Question 12

Cytolysin

Answer 12

Pore forming on blood cells, kills gram negative competitors

Question 13

Sex Pheromone

Answer 13

Stimulates expression of aggregation substances to result in conjugation

Question 14

E. cecorum

Answer 14

Causes osteomyelitis, femoral head necrosis, spondylitis, and arthritis in broiler chickens

Question 15

Spondylitis

Answer 15

Back and neck pain due to joint inflammation

Question 16

E. faecalis

Answer 16

Most common pathogen, causes septicemia, mastitis, endocarditis, UTI, and chronic liver disease

Question 17

Zoonosis

Answer 17

Top cause of nosocomial infection, mostly caused by E. faecalis

Question 18

Entry Routes

Answer 18

Ingestion

Question 19

Exit Routes

Answer 19

Spread in feces or urine and milkk

Question 20

Use as an indicatior

Answer 20

Fecal contamination

Question 21

Multi Drug Resistance

Answer 21

Naturally resistant, easily pass plasmids to each other

Question 22

E. faecium

Answer 22

More antibiotic resistant than faecalis but less common cause of infection

Question 23

Control and Prevention

Answer 23

Effective waste treatment of feces, water sanitation, proper cleaning and disinfection, protect immune system