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Bacteriology > Unit 1- Streptococcus > Flashcards

Unit 1- Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Genus Streptococcus

A

Gram positive cocci in chains, facultative anaerobe, non-motile, non-spore forming, fastidious growth requirement, catalase negative, low salt tolerance

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2
Q

Facultative Anaerobe

A

Oxygen availability not critical for survival

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3
Q

Fastidious Growth Requirement

A

Requires nutritionally rich media for growth

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4
Q

Culture Media for Growth

A

Blood agar to identify type of hemolysin toxin and Edward media for selective identification and isolation

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5
Q

Beta Hemolysis

A

Most pathogenic group

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6
Q

Alpha Hemolysis

A

Partial and incomplete hemolysis with green color, commensal upper respiratory strep

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7
Q

Gamma Hemolysis

A

Fecal streptococci

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8
Q

Capsule

A

Mucoid, useful for serotyping strains within a species

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9
Q

M protein

A

Useful for serotyping within a species by ELISA as well as for vaccine production

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10
Q

Lancefield Carbohydrates

A

Useful for Lancefield serotyping, antibodies specific to these proteins used to ID them by agglutination

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11
Q

Serogrouping

A

Use antibodies adn identify by agglutination

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12
Q

Clinically Important Serogroups

A

A, B, C, D, E, and G

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13
Q

Catalase test

A

Streptococcus will be catalase negative

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14
Q

Equine and Canine isolate hemolysis

A

Mostly beta hemolytic, the more pathogenic

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15
Q

Alpha Hemolytic Strains

A

S. pneumoniae and S. suis

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16
Q

Habitat

A

Commensals in skin, upper respiratory tract, tonsils, digestive tract, lower urogenital, udder, food, soil, and fecal contaminated water

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17
Q

Transmission

A

Direct contact, aerosol, fomites, and ingestion

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18
Q

Disease

A

Opportunistic part of normal flora, disease occurs when bacteria enter cuts, abrasions, wounds, other infection, or when immune system is weakened

19
Q

Virulence Factors

A

Structural compounds, enzymes, and toxins

20
Q

Structural Compounds

A

Lipotheichoic acid, slime layer capsule, M protein, protein G

21
Q

M Protein

A

Binds the arms of IgG and precents opsonization, also prevents phagocytosis

22
Q

Protein G

A

Competes with complement to bind IgG and prevent opsonization

23
Q

Enzymes

A

Nuclease, streptokinases, hyaluronidase, C5a peptidases

24
Q

Nuclease

A

Convers pus to resources and has DNAse and RNAse activity to destroy host cells

25
Q

Streptokinase

A

Converts plasminogen to plasmin, digesting fibrin to lyse blood clots and escape

26
Q

C5a Peptidase

A

Destroys compliment chemotactic signals

27
Q

Toxins

A

Hemolysin, streptolysin, and pyrogenic exotoxins

28
Q

Streptolysin

A

Hemolytic, cytotoxic, and inhibits chemotaxis

29
Q

Pyrogenic Exotoxins

A

Cause fever, strawberry tongue, cardiac and liver necrosis, T cell division, superantigenic, and increase permeability of endothelium causing shock

30
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Throat, ear, eye, skin, and urogenital infections and pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, and shock

31
Q

Origins of infection

A

Cutaneous, throat, mammary, and urogenitcal

32
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

Destroys the muscle under the skin

33
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread to systemic disease is serotype and host immune status dependent

34
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Causes throat and dermatological infection, pharyngitis, and necrotizing fasciitis

35
Q

Streptococcus equi

A

Causes pharingitis/strangles in horses

36
Q

Strangles

A

Infection by S. equi causes abscess in the lymph nodes, coughing, difficulty swallowing, fever, yellow discharge from nose and eyes, and pus filled guttural pouch

37
Q

Streptococcus suis

A

Generalized infection in pigs causing pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, arthritis, abortion, metritis, blindness, and deafness

38
Q

Streptococcus porcinus

A

Causes strangles in pigs, rare now

39
Q

Streptococcus canis

A

Most aggressive in pets, causes pet strangles, generalized infection, eye and ear infection

40
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Causes vaginitis, abortion, endometritis, mastitis, and prostitis in pets

41
Q

Streptococcus agalatiae

A

Causes chronic contagious mastitis

42
Q

Viridiant Streptococcus

A

Alpha hemolytic group that mostly affects humans, normal flora of oral cavity, intestines, and urethra

43
Q

Treatment

A

Antibiotics are effective but resistance is rising

44
Q

Control and prevention

A

Improve hygiene and wellbeing, reduce stress, clean wounds, isolate infected animals, control primary disease, and vaccinate for S pneumoniae in humans

Bacteriology (44 decks)

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