Unit 4- Practical Diagnostics Flashcards
Abscess Collection
Scrape wall with pus
Exudate Collection
Aseptically with sterile syringe
Swab Collection
Use culturette transport system
Sample Preservation
Must be kept cold, feces should be in transport media at room temp, aseptic technique essential, bone marrow or rib from animals that have been dead for a long time
Anaerobic Culture
Anaerobic samples with normal flora cannot be cultured because they are contaminated with anaerobic normal flora
Anaerobic Shipment
Anaerobic transport system if not reaching lab within 30 min, large tissue will maintain anaerobic environment but must be refridgerated
Mastitis Procedures
Culture first few mLs of milk expressed and collect sample from within udder, collect into sterile narrow-necked bottles
UTI Procedures
Specimens must be refrigerated and cultured within 6 hours, innoculate to blood or MacConkey with sterile loop, most commonly enterics
Abortion Procedures
Must be comprehensive for all bacteria and fungi, maternal and fetal samples, fresh and formalin-fixed for histology
Fetus Samples
Placenta and cotyledons, uterine discharge, fetal stomach contents, fetal lung, liver, kidney, and spleen
Leptospirosis Abortion Samples
Midstream urine sample must be centrifuged and darkfield microscopied immediately, clotted blood samples at the time of abortion and 2 weeks later
Infertility Specimens
Uterine discharge, vaginal mucus, preputial washings, semen, urine
Cattle Infertility Samples
Should include Campylobacter fetus and opportunistic aerobes, culture within 4-6 hours, special transport medium for C. fetus
Mare Infertility Samples
Coliforms and other opportunistic aerobes
Blood Cultures
Skin shaved and aseptically prepped, 3 blood samples taken 1 hour apart
Johne’s Samples
Scraping of rectal mucosa in live animal or ileocecal valve in dead animal, can be examined by acid fast stain or PCR
Diarrhea Samples
Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Yersinia, possible toxins in foods, E coli in neonates, fecal samples in live animal or mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and intestinal contents in dead
Swine Intestinal Disease Samples
Recently dead or killed pig, hemorrhagic intestine, or mucosal scrapings
Swine Dysentery Samples
Brachyspira diagnosed by microscopy, feces from live animal or intestine and contents from dead
Proliferative Enteropathy Samples
Lawsonia intracellularis, cannot be cultured, diagnose by PCR of feces or histopathology
Tuberculosis Samples
Acid fast staining of smears, lesions sampled
Mycoplasma Samples
Cultivate on mycoplasma media in CO2, differentiate with antisera
Chlamydia Samples
Not culturable on culture media, submit to virology lab for culture on tissue culture, serology or ELISA
Anthrax Samples
State or federal reference lab
Systemic Fungal Infection Samples
Lesions for culture and histopathology
Dermatophyte Infection Samples
Plucked hairs, skin scrapings, and scalpel in paper envelope, innoculated onto dermatophyte test medium, Wood’s lamp
Streptothricosis or Dermatophiliasis Samples
Scabs with hairs stained by methylene blue
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Diagnose malignant edema and blackleg from rib bone marrow or muscle, Chlamydia, Leptospira, and Brucella from direct tissue
Latex Agglutination
Detect antigen or antibody, rapid results
PCR
Amplifies DNA, real time PCR must be used for diagnosis with the cycle threshold for diagnosis
Gram + Cocci
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
Gram - Cocci
Erysipelothrix, Listeria, Cornyebacterium, Trueperella pyogenes
Gram - Lactose Fermenters
E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
Gram- Glucose Fermenters
Proteus, Salmonella, Citrobacter
Oxidase Fermentors
Pasteruella, Actinobacillus, Pasteurella multilocida, Manheimmia haemolytica, Hemophilus
Gram- GLucose Oxidizers
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
