understand preoperational

Question 1

stage of intellectual development consists of six substages that are governed by sensations in which simple learning takes place.

• progress from reflex activity through simple repetitive behaviors to imitative behavior.
• develop a sense of cause and effect as they direct behavior toward objects.
• Problem solving is primarily by trial and error
• display a high level of curiosity, experimentation, and enjoyment of novelty and begin to develop a sense of self as they are able to differentiate themselves from their environment
• become aware that objects have permanence—that an object exists even though it is no longer visible
• begin to use language and representational thought.
• symbolic or pretend play infancy (11 to 13 months of age)

Answer 1

Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years of age)
Cognitive Development (Piaget)

Question 2

predominant characteristic of the preoperational stage of intellectual development is egocentrism

• inability to put oneself in the place of another
• Children interpret objects and events not in terms of general properties but in terms of their relationships or their use to them
• unable to see things from any perspective other than their own
• cannot see another’s point of view, nor can they see any reason to do so
• concrete and tangible
• cannot reason beyond the observable, and they lack the ability to make deductions or generalizations
• Thought is dominated by what they see, hear, or otherwise experience
• increasingly able to use language and symbols to represent objects in their environment.
• Through imaginative play, questioning, and other interactions, they begin to elaborate concepts and to make simple associations between ideas. In the latter stage of this period, their reasoning is intuitive (e.g., the stars have to go to bed just as they do),
• beginning to deal with problems of weight, length, size, and time. Reasoning is also transductive; because two events occur together, they cause each other, or knowledge of one characteristic is transferred to another (e.g., all women with big bellies have babies).

Answer 2

Preoperational (2 to 7 years of age)
Cognitive Development (Piaget)

Question 3

• logical and coherent (consistent)
• classify, sort, order, and otherwise organize facts about the world to use in problem solving
• develop a new concept of permanence:
• conservation;
• physical factors (such as, volume, weight, and number) remain the same even though outward appearances are changed.
• do not have the capacity to deal in abstraction
• solve problems in a concrete, systematic fashion based on what they can perceive
• Reasoning is inductive(making generalizations, hypothesis)
• thought becomes less self-centered
• consider points of view other than their own. Thinking has become socialized.

Answer 3

Concrete operations (7 to 11 years of age)

Question 4

• adaptability and flexibility
• Adolescents can think in abstract terms
• abstract symbols
• draw logical conclusions from a set of observations
• hypotheses and test them;
• consider abstract, theoretic, and philosophic matters.

Answer 4

Formal operations (11 to 15 years of age)

Question 5

• based off preoperational cognitive Develop(piaget)
• Culturally oriented to the labels of good/bad and right/wrong
• determine the goodness or badness of an action in terms of its consequence
• avoid punishment and obey without question those who have the power to determine and enforce the rules and labels.
• no concept of the basic moral order that supports these consequences
• lements of fairness, give and take, and equal sharing are evident, they are interpreted in a practical, concrete manner without loyalty, gratitude, or justice.

Answer 5

Preconventional level (2-7yrs)

Question 6

• correlated with the stage of concrete operations in cognitive development.
• conformity and loyalty
• value the maintenance of family, group, or national expectations regardless of consequences
• Behavior that meets with approval and pleases or helps others is considered good
• Obeying the rules, doing one’s duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the social order are the correct behaviors

Answer 6

Conventional level (7-11)

Question 7

• cognitive stage of formal operations.
• correct behavior defined as general individual rights and standards that have been examined and agreed on by the entire society
• possibility for changing law in terms of societal needs and rational considerations.
• most advanced level of moral development is one in

Answer 7

Postconventional, autonomous, or principled level