ch 33 potter self-concept Flashcards
is an individual’s view of self
-complex mixture of unconscious and conscious thoughts, attitudes, and perceptions.
Self-concept
how one feels about oneself
self-esteem
loss of bodily function, decline in activity tolerance, and difficulty in managing a chronic illness are examples of
situations that change a patient’s self-concept.
tend to rate themselves higher than they rate other children, suggesting that their view of themselves is positively inflated
young children (school-age childs self concept)
is a particularly critical developmental period when many variables, including school, family, and friends, affect self-concept and self-esteem
Adolescence
Boys often have better overall self-concepts than girls, particularly in physical and social domains
Boys have better self-esteem than girls (adolsencde)
Job satisfaction and overall performance in adulthood are also linked to self-esteem
adulthood
across the life span can impact health behaviors.
Cultural variations in self-concept and self-esteem
is one of the major elements of self-concept and a key aspect of self-esteem
cultural identity of older adults
is a risk factor that leaves one vulnerable to health problems,
Lower self-esteem
and strong social relationships support good health
higher self-esteem
Statements such as “I can get through anything” or “I’ve never been sick a day in my life” indicate that a person’s thoughts about personal health are positive
positive perceptions
regarding health status are reflected in such statements as “It’s not worth it anymore” or “I’m a burden to my family.”
Negative perceptions
such as “I’ll never get any better” or “I can’t stand to look at myself anymore.”
Chronic illness affects identity and body image as reflected by verbalizations
- Develops trust following consistency in caregiving and nurturing interactions
- Distinguishes self from environment
Trust versus Mistrust (Birth to 18 Months)
- Begins to communicate likes and dislikes
- Increasingly independent in thoughts and actions
- Appreciates body appearance and function (e.g., dressing, feeding, talking, and walking)
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (18-24 Months to 3 Years)
- Identifies with a gender
- Enhances self-awareness
- Increases language skills, including identification of feelings
Initiative versus Guilt (3 to 5 Years)
- Incorporates feedback from peers and teachers
- Increases self-esteem with new skill mastery (e.g., reading, mathematics, sports, music)
- Aware of strengths and limitations
Industry versus Inferiority (6 to 11 Years)
- Accepts body changes/maturation
- Examines attitudes, values, and beliefs; establishes goals for the future
- Feels positive about expanded sense of self
Identity versus Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)
- Has stable, positive feelings about self
* Experiences successful role transitions and increased responsibilities
Intimacy versus Isolation (Late Teens to Mid-40s)
- Able to accept changes in appearance and physical endurance
- Reassesses life goals
- Shows contentment with aging
Generativity versus Self-Absorption (Mid-40s to Mid-60s)
- Feels positive about life and its meaning
* Interested in providing a legacy for the next generation
Ego Integrity versus Despair (Mid-Late 60s to Death)
is a time of marked maturational changes and shifting levels of self-esteem that set the stage for rises in self-concept from adolescence to young adulthood
Adolescence
emphasis on the generativity stage explains the rise in self-esteem and self-concept in adulthood
Erikson’s (1963)
involves the internal sense of individuality, wholeness, and consistency of a person over time and in different situations
Identity (component of self-esteem)
are identity, body image, and role performance.
components of self-concept
Being “oneself” or living an authentic life is the
basis of true identity
learn culturally accepted values, behaviors, and roles through identification and modeling
-often gain an identity from self-observations and from what individuals tell them
Children (identity)
must be able to bring together learned behaviors and expectations into a coherent, consistent, and unique whole
To form an identity, a child
is a part of identity, and its focus differs across the life span
Sexuality (identity)
, the focus shifts from procreation to companionship, physical and emotional intimacy, and pleasure seeking
adult ages (sexuality changes)
is a person’s private view of maleness or femaleness;
Gender identity
is the masculine or feminine behavior exhibited. This image and its meaning depend on culturally determined values
gender role
develops from identification and socialization within an established group and through the experience of integrating the response of individuals outside the group into one’s self-concept
Cultural identity
involves attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, structure, or function
Body image (component of self-concept)
Feelings about body image include those related to sexuality, femininity and masculinity, youthfulness, health, and strength.
Body image (component of self-concept)
- eating disorder anorexia nervosa.
- Other alterations occur as a result of situational events, such as the loss or change in a body part.
- way others view a person’s body and the feedback offered are also influential
- Cognitive growth and physical development also affect body image
influencing Body image (component of self-concept)
Normal developmental changes such as puberty and aging have a more apparent effect on body image than on other aspects of self-concept.
puberty & age bigger impact on Body image
Hormonal changes during .
adolescence influence body image
development of secondary sex characteristics and the changes in body fat distribution have a tremendous impact on an
-including disordered eating and exercise
adolescent’s self-concept.
Changes associated with aging (e.g., menopause; wrinkles; graying hair; and decrease in visual acuity, hearing, and mobility) also
affect body image in an older adult
and influence one’s attitudes
Culture and society dictate the accepted norms of body image
is the way in which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles (e.g., parent, supervisor, partner, or close friend).
Role performance (component of self-concept)
involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role than are manageable
Role overload
results when people do not maintain a clear, consistent, and continuous consciousness of personal identity
Identity confusion
are nonverbal behaviors.
Key indicators of a patient’s self-concept
is a psychological/emotional issue, not a physical issue for vital signs
Self-concept
results when a person has to simultaneously assume two or more roles that are inconsistent, contradictory, or mutually
exclusive
Role conflict
identity, body image, coping behaviors, and significant others’ support
Assessment of self-concept includes
Because how one thinks about oneself
self-concept
is an individual’s overall feeling of self-worth or the emotional appraisal of self-concept.
- It is the most fundamental self-evaluation because it represents the overall judgment of personal worth or value
Self-esteem
is any real or perceived change that threatens identity, body image, or role performance
self-concept stressor
including the number of stressors, duration of the stressor, and health status
reestablish balance following a stressor is related to numerous factors,
effectiveness of coping strategies, and social support in all patients
Assess self-esteem
supportive and educational resources are valuable in helping a person learn new ways of coping with and responding to the stressful event or situation to maintain or enhance self-concept
self-concept crises
Cultural and social stressors rather than personal stressors have
more impact on an adult’s identity.
Compared with an adolescent, an adult generally has a more stable identity and thus a more firmly developed self-concept
adult generally has a more stable identity
Inability to adapt to identity stressors can result in identity confusion regardless of stage of life.
-ex: 35-year-old recently divorced mother of twins
identity confusion
amputation, facial disfigurement, or scars from burns are obvious stressors affecting body image
- Chronic illnesses such as heart and renal disease
- pregnancy, significant weight gain or loss, pharmacological management of illness, or radiation therapy changes body image.
body image stressor
Situational transitions occur when parents, spouses, children, or close friends die or people move, marry, divorce, or change jobs.
Role changes (role performance stressors)
shift along the continuum from illness to wellness is as stressful as a shift from wellness to illness.
Any of these transitions may lead to role conflict, role ambiguity, role strain, or role overload.
involves the expectations of others and society regarding how an individual behaves when sick.
sick role (role performance stressors)
when general societal expectations (take care of yourself, and you will get better) and the expectations of co-workers (need to get the job done regardless of illness) collide.
Role conflict occurs
involves unclear role expectations, which makes people unsure about what to do or how to do it, creating stress and confusion.
Role ambiguity (common in adolscence years)
employees often become unsure about job expectations.
complex, rapidly changing, or highly specialized organizations
combines role conflict and role ambiguity
Role strain
involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role than are manageable.
Role overload
vary with developmental stages
Self-esteem stressors
include failure in work and unsuccessful relationships
Stressors affecting the self-esteem of an adult
include health problems, declining socioeconomic status, spousal loss or bereavement, loss of social support, and decline in achievement experiences following retirement
Self-esteem stressors in older adults
first assess the family’s style of relating
To reverse a patient’s negative self-concept
