CH 9 potter Cultural Competence Flashcards
refers to the learned and shared beliefs, values, norms, and traditions of a particular group, which guide our thinking, decisions, and actions
culture
also refers to ways of relating to one another, language and manner of speaking, work and lifestyle practice, social relationships, values, religious beliefs and rituals, and expression of thoughts and emotions
culture
refers to a bias we are unaware of and that happens outside our control, which is influenced by our personal background, cultural environment, and personal experiences.
Unconscious bias
is similar; however, we are aware of the bias that is present.
implicit bias
emphasizes the need to provide care based on an individual’s cultural beliefs, practices, and values;
Culturally congruent care or transcultural care
means that professional health care must be culturally sensitive, culturally appropriate, and culturally competent to meet the multifaceted health care needs of each person, family, and community
Cultural competence
birth, first in the home, then in the church or other places where people congregate, and then in educational and other social settings
Cultural beliefs, values, and practices are learned from
is a set of assumptions that begins to develop during childhood and guides how one sees, thinks about, experiences, and interprets the world
World view
(emic world view) and
In any intercultural encounter there is an insider perspective
(etic world view).
an outsider perspective
is an assumed belief regarding a particular group
stereotype
“a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage”
Healthy People 2020 defines a health disparity as
Poor health status, disease risk factors, poor health outcomes, and limited access to health care are
types of disparities often interrelated and influenced by the conditions and social context in which people live
are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age
Social determinants of health
include factors such as age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, access to nutritious food, transportation resources, religion, sexual orientation, age, level of education. literacy level, disability (physical and cognitive), and geographical location (e.g., access to health care)
Social determinants of health
offers some promise regarding health care access and quality.
The 2016 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (2017)
are more likely to have poor health outcomes and die earlier because of a complex interaction among their individual behaviors, environment of the communities in which they live, the policies and practices of health care and governmental systems, and the clinical care they receive
marginalized groups
people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender; people of color; people who are physically or mentally challenged; and people who are not college educated.
Examples of marginalized groups include
is a research and policy model used to study the complexities of people’s lives and experiences
Intersectionality
privilege and oppression.
Each of us is at the intersection of two categories:
is a formal and informal system of advantages and disadvantages tied to membership in social groups, reinforced by societal norms, biases, interactions, and beliefs
Oppression
is “a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system, or health care agency finds meaningful and useful care strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of those to whom they render care”
Cultural competence
is based on one’s self-identification with one or more social groups in which a common heritage with a particular racial group is shared
Racial identity
is “the frame in which individuals identify consciously or unconsciously with those with whom they feel a common bond because of similar traditions, behaviors, values, and beliefs”
ethnic and cultural identity
occurs when an individual or group transitions from one culture and develops traits of another culture
-In this transition, there will be adaptation to the new cultures, traditions, customs, and language.
acculturation
is the process in which the individual adapts to the host’s cultural values and no longer prefers the components of the origin culture
Assimilation