Ch 22 potter Ethics and values

Question 1

issues are resolved by reference to laws that are usually concrete and publicly determined.

Answer 1

Legal

Question 2

issues of behavior and character

-values play important role

Answer 2

ethics

Question 3

usually refer to judgment about behavior, based on specific beliefs

Answer 3

Morals

Question 4

refers to the study of the ideals of right and wrong behavior.

Answer 4

ethics

Question 5

is a deeply held personal belief about the worth a person holds for an idea, a custom, or an object. The values that a person holds reflect cultural and social influences

Answer 5

value

Question 6

represents a branch of ethics within the field of health care.

• agreement building
• ex: not enough kidney transplant vs ppl In need

Answer 6

bioethics

Question 7

refers to freedom from external control.
-commitment to include patients in decisions about all aspects of care as a way of acknowledging and protecting a patient’s independence

Answer 7

Autonomy

Question 8

retaliation (revenge after mistake done by nurse) against an employee who makes a legitimate report about clinical safety issues.

Answer 8

Institutional whistle blower protections prohibit

Question 9

refers to taking positive actions to help others

Answer 9

Beneficence

Question 10

refers to harm or hurt

Answer 10

Maleficence

Question 11

refers to the avoidance of harm or hurt.

Answer 11

Nonmaleficence

Question 12

refers to fairness and the distribution of resources (used frequently in discussion regarding access to health care resources)

Answer 12

Justice

Question 13

refers to the promotion of open discussion without fear of recrimination whenever mistakes, especially those involving adverse events, occur or nearly occur

Answer 13

just culture

Question 14

refers to faithfulness or the agreement to keep promises

-follow the policies and procedures set forth

Answer 14

Fidelity

Question 15

is a set of guiding principles that all members of a profession accept

• nurse’s obligation to the patient, the role of the nurse as a member of the health care team, and the duties of the nurse to the profession and to society
• key principles: advocacy, responsibility, accountability, and confidentiality.

Answer 15

code of ethics

Question 16

refers to the application of one’s skills and knowledge for the benefit of another person

Answer 16

Advocacy (key principle to code of ethics)

Question 17

refers to a willingness to respect one’s professional obligations and to follow through.

Answer 17

responsibility

Question 18

refers to answering for your own actions.

Answer 18

Accountability

Question 19

establishes national patient safety guidelines to ensure patient and workplace safety through consistent, effective nursing practices

Answer 19

TJC (the joint commission)//part accountability

Question 20

promotes ethical decision making by setting standards for collaborative interprofessional communication

Answer 20

ANA Code of Ethics// part accountability

Question 21

refers to the health care team’s obligation to respect patient privacy.

Answer 21

Confidentiality

Question 22

is a deeply held belief about the worth of an idea, attitude, custom, or object that affects choices and behaviors.

Answer 22

value

Question 23

defines actions as right or wrong based on their adherence to rules and principles such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice
- making decisions or “right-making characteristics”

Answer 23

Deontology

Question 24

proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness.

• outcome speak to the greatest good for the greatest number.
• value is determined by usefulness

Answer 24

utilitarian system of ethics & teleology

Question 25

main emphasis is on the outcome or consequence of action

• Between 2 actions, perform that one that has better consequences
• one determines whether an act is right or wrong by looking solely at its consequences

Answer 25

philosophy is sometimes called consequentialism ( utilitarian system of ethics)

Question 26

Utilitarianism measures the effect that an act will have; deontology looks at the act itself and judges its “rightness” by the rules or principles it upholds.

Answer 26

difference of utilitarian & Deontology

Question 27

, turns away from conventional principles of ethics as a way to determine best actions and focuses instead on the details of a situation

Answer 27

Casuistry, or case-based reasoning

Question 28

, it looks to the nature of relationships to guide participants in making difficult decisions, especially relationships in which power is unequal or in which a point of view has become ignored or invisible

Answer 28

feminist ethics

Question 29

philosophy often resonates with nurses who, in their intimate experiences with patients, are often making ethical decisions while engaged in caring relationships.

Answer 29

Ethics of Care

Question 30

are ethical dilemmas and moral distress

Answer 30

Two common ethical problems that nurses encounter

Question 31

when two opposing courses of action can both be justified by ethical principles
-ex: lying to benefit pt (like taking meds) or be truthful but refuse to take meds

Answer 31

ethical problem is called a dilemma

Question 32

instead of competing options for action, the nurse feels the need to take a specific action while believing that action to be wrong
- often manifests as anger or frustration

Answer 32

moral distress

Question 33

described a Moral Distress Consult Service that is accessible to all units in the hospital and helps address pervasive or persistent issues that are causing moral distress.

Answer 33

Hamric and Epstein (2017) (moral distress)

Question 34

created the Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments and an Assessment Tool that health care teams can use to identify and address gaps

Answer 34

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN)

Question 35

is the ability to grow and even gain confidence from adverse and complex ethical problems

Answer 35

Moral resilience

Question 36

involves individuals from different disciplines and backgrounds who support health care institutions with three major functions: providing clinical ethics consultation, developing and/or revising policies pertaining to clinical ethics and hospital policy (e.g., advance directives, withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatments, informed consent, organ procurement), and facilitating education about topical issues in clinical ethics

Answer 36

ethics committee

Question 37

involve asking patients to identify their priorities, what they enjoy, and what matters most to them

Answer 37

Subjective measures (about quality of life)

Question 38

can include the: age of a patient, the patient’s ability to live independently, or the ability to contribute to society in a gainful way

Answer 38

Objective measures of quality of life

Question 39

refers to interventions unlikely to produce benefit for a patient

Answer 39

futile

Question 40

on the basis of need

Answer 40

Medicaid programs (if don’t have employer insurance then u may qualify)

Question 41

a federal insurance program available to all individuals over the age of 65.

Answer 41

Medicare(if don’t have employer insurance then available over age 65 yrs)

Question 42

was passed to create regulations that control costs and improve the availability of insurance

Answer 42

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Question 43

education, policy developer/reviewer/ recommender, and case consultation
-devoted teaching and processing of ethical issues and dilemmas exists in most health care facilities

Answer 43

ethics committee (multidisciplinary)