ch 7 potter caring in nursing practice Flashcards
sincerity, presence, availability, and engagement
. Caring relationships require
core of nursing, with caring being a key component of what a nurse brings to a patient experience
The American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE, 2010) describes caring and knowledge as the
is a universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel, and behave in relation to one another.
Caring
that people, events, projects, and things matter to people
Caring means (according to patricia benner)
is the human experience of loss or dysfunction,
illness
transcultural view of caring
Madeleine Leininger (1991) offers a
For caring to be effective, nurses need to learn culturally specific behaviors and words that reflect human caring in different cultures to identify and meet the needs of all patients
Madeleine Leininger believes
caring is a central focus of nursing, and it is integral to maintain the ethical and philosophical roots of the profession
Jean Watson,(transpersonal caring)
is a holistic model that supports a nurse’s conscious intention to care to promote healing and wholeness
Watson’s theory of caring (transpersonal caring)
rejects the disease orientation to health care and places care before cure
transpersonal caring theory (jean watson)
the nurse-patient caring relationship with the focus on carative behaviors
Watson’s model emphasizes (10 carative factors)
because the relationship influences both the nurse and the patient for better or for worse
watsons model is transformative (10 carative factors)
a nurturing way of relating to an individual (i.e., when one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility).
Swanson (1991) defines caring as
developing useful and effective caring strategies appropriate for multiple age-group and health care settings
Swanson’s theory guides nurses in
interviews with women who miscarried, parents and health care professionals in a newborn intensive care unit, and mothers who were socially at risk and received long-term public health intervention
Swanson’s theory of caring was developed from 3 perinatal studies involving
Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other
Knowing (Swanson’s Theory of Caring// caring process) (1 out 5)
Being emotionally present to the other
Being with (Swanson’s Theory of Caring// caring process) (2 out 5)
Doing for the other as he or she would do for self if it were at all possible
Doing for (Swanson’s Theory of Caring// caring process) (3 out 5)
Facilitating the other’s passage through life transitions (e.g., birth, death) and unfamiliar events
Enabling (Swanson’s Theory of Caring// caring process) (4 out 5)
Sustaining faith in the other’s capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future with meaning
Maintaining belief (Swanson’s Theory of Caring// caring process) (5 out 5)
support earlier findings and identify these commonalities as human interaction or communication, mutuality, appreciating the uniqueness of individuals, and improving the welfare of patients and families.
common themes among the theoretical view of caring.
was developed to measure caring from a patient’s perspective
Caring Assessment Tool (CAT)
refers to the ideals of right and wrong behavior.
ethic
is concerned with relationships between people and with a nurse’s character and attitude toward others
ethic of care
patient’s advocate, solving ethical dilemmas by attending to relationships and giving priority to each patient’s unique personhood.
ethic of care places the nurse as the
is a person-to-person encounter conveying a closeness and sense of caring.
Providing presence
interpersonal process that is characterized by sensitivity, wholism, intimacy, vulnerability, and adaptation to unique circumstances.
Presence is an
of himself or herself, which means being available and at a patient’s disposal.
“Being with” involves a nurse giving
is relational and leads to a connection between nurse and patient. It involves contact and noncontact touch
Touch
Contact touch involves obvious skin-to-skin contact and is referred to as
“therapeutic touch”
refers to eye contact
Noncontact touch
when performing a task or procedure.
task-oriented touch
is a form of nonverbal communication, which successfully influences a patient’s comfort and security, enhances self-esteem, increases confidence of caregivers, and improves mental well-being.
Caring touch
You express this in the way you hold a patient’s hand, give a back massage, gently position a patient, or participate in a conversation.
Caring touch examples
is a form of touch that protects a nurse and/or patient
Protective touch (pt can view it as positive or negative)
he most obvious form of protective touch is in preventing an accident (e.g., holding and bracing a patient to avoid a fall). Protective touch can also protect a nurse emotionally.
-(negative view) A nurse withdraws or distances herself or himself from a patient when he or she is unable to tolerate suffering or needs to escape from a situation that is causing tension
Protective touch example
You “take in” what a patient says, interpreting and understanding what the patient is saying, and then give back that understanding to the patient.
listening
continuity of care and clinical expertise
Two elements that facilitate knowing are
helps the nurse respond to what really matters to the patient.
Intimate knowing
time, continuity of care, teamwork of the nursing staff, trust, and experience.
Factors that contribute to knowing patients include
organizational structure of the organization and economic constraints.
- Organizational changes that result in decreasing the amount of time that nurses are able to spend with their patients affects nurse-patient relationships. Decreased length of stay also reduces the interactions between nurses and their patients
Barriers to knowing a patient are often related to the
connectedness:
Spirituality offers a sense of
(connected with oneself),
intrapersonally (spiritually)
(connected with others and the environment),
interpersonally (spiritually)
(connected with the unseen, God, or a higher power)
transpersonally (spiritually)
Our reliance on technology and cost-effective health care strategies and efforts to standardize and refine work processes all
factors that undermine (weaken) the nature of caring.
This campaign focuses on increasing the amount of time nurses spend with their patients and families. Strategies include greater emphasis on improving the work environment to facilitate more nurse-patient interaction, improving nurse staffing, providing nurses with autonomy over their practice, and promoting increased educational requirements and opportunities
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s “Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action” identifies methods to improve both patient care and satisfaction and nurse job satisfaction.
nursing is a lifetime journey of caring and healing, seeking to understand and preserve the wholeness of human existence and to offer compassionate, informed knowledgeable human caring
Nightingale vision
