ch 14 (Jarvis) Head, Face, Neck, and Regional Lymphatics Flashcards
frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
cranial bones
adjacent cranial bones unite at meshed immovable joints called the
sutures
crowns the head from ear to ear at the union of the frontal and parietal bones
coronal suture
separates the head lengthwise between the two parietal bones
sagittal suture
separates the parietal bones crosswise from the occipital bone.
lambdoid suture
articulate at sutures (note the nasal bone, zygomatic bone, and maxilla), except for the mandible (the lower jaw). It moves up, down, and sideways from the temporomandibular joint, which is anterior to each ear.
14 facial bones
The C7 vertebra has a long spinous process that is palpable when the head is flexed. Feel this useful landmark, the ?, on your own neck.
vertebra prominens
, the “atlas
C1
axis
C2
expressions are formed by the
-are mediated by cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve. Facial muscle function is symmetric bilaterally, except for an occasional quirk or wry expression
facial muscle
the openings between the eyelids—are equal bilaterally
palpebral fissures
the creases extending from the nose to each corner of the mouth
nasolabial folds
Facial sensations of pain or touch are mediated by the 3 sensory branches of
cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve.
Two pairs of salivary glands are accessible to examination on the face
- parotid glands- are in the cheeks over the mandible, anterior to and below the ear. They are the largest (parotid) of the salivary glands but are not normally palpable.
- submandibular glands- are beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw- palpable
(3. sublingual glands, lie in the floor of the mouth- palpable)
- submandibular glands- are beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw- palpable
major neck muscles are the
-they are innervated by cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory
sternomastoid and the trapezius
branches off the common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply the brain
internal carotid artery
supplies the face, salivary glands, and superficial temporal area
external carotid artery
accomplishes head rotation and flexion
sternomastoid
move the shoulders and extend and turn the head.
trapezius muscle
divides each side of the neck into two triangles
1.anterior triangle
2.posterior triangle ( posterior belly of the omohyoid muscle)
helpful guidelines to desc finding in neck
sternomastoid muscle
in front of the ear
Preauricular (Lymphatics)
superficial to the mastoid process
Posterior auricular (mastoid)(Lymphatics)
at the base of the skull
Occipital (Lymphatics)
midline, behind the tip of the mandible
Submental (Lymphatics)
halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible
Submandibular (Lymphatics)
under the angle of the mandible
Jugulodigastric (tonsillar) (Lymphatics)
overlying the sternomastoid muscle
Superficial cervical(Lymphatics)
deep under the sternomastoid muscle
Deep cervical(Lymphatics)
in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle
Posterior cervical(Lymphatics)
just above and behind the clavicle, at the sternomastoid muscle
Supraclavicular(Lymphatics)
head and neck, arms, axillae, and inguinal region. The greatest supply is in the head and neck.
Nodes can be examined 4 areas:
trunk growth predominates, so head size changes in proportion to body height during wt age?
infancy
Head size is greater than chest circumference at?
birth (fetal period)
the mandible and maxilla are small, and the nasal bridge is low; thus the whole face seems small compared with the skull.
toddler
tension, migraine, sinus
- leading cause of acute pain
Headache are classified by etiology
is particularly disabling, affecting work productivity, routine household chores, and social relationships
Migraine HA
(frequency ≥15 days/month)
- prevalent among whites and Hispanics.
- etiologic explanation was spasm of cerebral vessels, causing vasodilation
Chronic migraine
spasm of cerebral vessels, causing vasodilation
-stimulation of cranial nerve V (trigeminal), with neurotransmitter changes in the central nervous system and changes in vessel tone.4
Chronic migraine
are occipital, frontal, or with bandlike tightness;
- viselike pain, Bandlike tightness, Nonthrobbing, nonpulsatile
- anxiety and stress associated
Tension headaches
are supraorbital, retro-orbital, or frontotemporal;
-throbbing pain, pulsating
-severe pain
-occur ≥15 days/month if chronic
or <15 days/month if episodic; each lasting 1 to 3 days
-Alcohol, stress, menstruation, and eating chocolate or cheese may precipitate migraines..
-Nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances
-have a family history.
-lie down to feel better
migraines
produce pain around the eye or cheek
sinus headaches