ch 32 Complementary Therapies and Integrative Health Flashcards
(conventional Western medicine) is quite effective in treating numerous physical ailments (e.g., bacterial infections, structural abnormalities, and acute emergencies), it is generally less effective in decreasing stress-induced illnesses, managing symptoms of chronic disease, caring for the emotional and spiritual needs of individuals, and improving quality of life and general well-being.
allopathic or biomedicine
therapies used together with conventional treatment recommended by a person’s health care provider.
Complementary therapies
include relaxation; exercise; massage; reflexology; prayer; biofeedback; hypnotherapy; creative therapies, including art, music, or dance therapy; meditation; chiropractic 677therapy; and herbs/supplements
Complementary therapies
describe interventions used in this fashion, particularly by licensed health care providers
integrative therapies
nonpharmacologic therapies such as exercise, chiropractic, and herb supplements are used in place of conventional pharmacologic or other medical procedures
alternative therapies
used to supplement dietary/nutritional intake by mouth; contain one or more dietary ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other botanical products
Dietary supplements ( Complementary Therapies)
Plant-based therapies used in whole systems of medicine or as individual preparations by allopathic providers and consumers for specific symptoms or issues
Herbal medicines( Complementary Therapies)
Predominantly a vegan diet (no animal products except fish); initially used in the management of a variety of cancers; emphasis placed on whole cereal grains, vegetables, and unprocessed foods
Macrobiotic diet( Complementary Therapies)
Fungi-based (mushroom) products
Mycotherapies(
Complementary Therapies)
Increased intake of nutrients such as vitamin C and beta-carotene; treats cancer, schizophrenia, autism, and certain chronic diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease
Orthomolecular medicine (megavitamin)/ Complementary Therapies)
Live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gastrointestinal system; also called good bacteria
Probiotics/ Complementary Therapies)
Dietary program that requires eating protein, carbohydrate, and fat in a 30:40:30 ratio—30% of calories from protein, 40% from carbohydrate, and 30% from fat; used to balance insulin and other hormones for optimal health
The “Zone”/Complementary Therapies)
Traditional Chinese method of producing analgesia or altering the function of a body system by inserting thin needles along a series of lines or channels, called meridians; direct needle manipulation of energetic meridians influences deeper internal organs by redirecting qi
Acupuncture/ Energy Therapies
Biofield therapy; uses gentle touch directly on or close to body to influence and support the human energy system and bring balance to the whole body (physical, spiritual, emotional, and mental); a formal educational and certification system provides credentials for practitioners
Healing touch/ Energy Therapies
Biofield therapy derived from ancient Buddhist rituals; practitioner places hands on or above a body area and transfers “universal life energy,” providing strength, harmony, and balance to treat a patient’s health disturbances
Reiki therapy/ Energy Therapies
Biofield therapy involving direction of a practitioner’s balanced energies in an intentional manner toward those of a patient; practitioner’s hands lay on or close to a patient’s body
Therapeutic touch/ Energy Therapies
Bioelectromagnetic therapy; devices (magnets) applied to the body surface, producing a measurable magnetic field; used primarily to alleviate pain associated with musculoskeletal injuries or disorders
Magnet therapy/ Energy Therapies
Applying digital pressure in a specified way on designated points on the body to relieve pain, produce analgesia(inability to feel pain), or regulate a body function
Acupressure/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
Manipulating the spinal column; includes physiotherapy and diet therapy
Chiropractic medicine/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
Assessing the craniosacral motion for rate, amplitude, symmetry, and quality and attuning/aligning the spinal column, cerebrospinal fluid, and rhythmic processes, releasing restrictions or abnormal barriers to motion
Craniosacral therapy/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
Manipulating soft tissue through stroking, rubbing, or kneading to increase circulation, improve muscle tone, and provide relaxation
Massage therapy/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
Touching the patient in appropriate and gentle ways to make connection, display acceptance, and give appreciation
Simple touch/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
Use of art to reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, and express patients’ unspoken and frequently unconscious concerns about their disease
Art therapy/Mind-Body Interventions
Process providing a person with visual or auditory information about autonomic physiological functions of the body such as muscle tension, skin temperature, and brain wave activity through the use of instruments
Biofeedback//Mind-Body Interventions
Using a variety of breathing patterns to relax, invigorate, or open emotional channels
Breathwork/Mind-Body Interventions
Concentrating on an image or series of images to treat pathological conditions
Guided imagery/Mind-Body Interventions
Self-directed practice for relaxing the body and calming the mind using focused rhythmic breathing
Meditation/Mind-Body Interventions
Using music to address physical, psychological, cognitive, and social needs of individuals with disabilities and illnesses; improves physical movement and/or communication, develops emotional expression, evokes memories, and distracts people who are in pain
Music therapy//Mind-Body Interventions
Incorporating breath, movement, and meditation to cleanse, strengthen, and circulate vital life energy and blood; stimulate the immune system; and maintain external and internal balance
Tai chi//Mind-Body Interventions
Focuses on body musculature, posture, breathing mechanisms, and consciousness; goal is attainment of physical and mental well-being through mastery of body achieved through exercise, holding of postures, proper breathing, and meditation
Yoga/Mind-Body Interventions
Intimate and powerful medium because it is a direct expression of the mind and body; treats persons with social, emotional, cognitive, or physical problems
Dance therapy/Movement Therapies
A complementary therapy based on establishment of good self-image through awareness and correction of body movements; integrates the understanding of the physics of body movement patterns with an awareness of the way people learn to move, behave, and interact
Feldenkrais method/ Movement Therapies
Method of body movement used to strengthen, lengthen, and improve the voluntary control of muscles and muscle groups, especially those used for posture and core strengthening; awareness of breathing and precise movements are integral components
Pilates/ Movement Therapies
One of the oldest systems of medicine, practiced in India since the first century AD. There are eight branches of Ayurvedic medicine, including internal medicine; surgery; treatment of head and neck disease; gynecology, obstetrics, and pediatrics; toxicology; psychiatry; elder care and rejuvenation; and sexual vitality. Treatments balance the doshas using a combination of dietary and lifestyle changes, herbal remedies and purgatives, massage, meditation, and exercise.
Ayurvedic medicine/Whole Medical Systems
(Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine
Developed in Germany and practiced in the United States since the mid-1800s. It is a system of medical treatments based on the theory that certain diseases can be cured by giving small, highly diluted doses of substances that in a healthy person would produce symptoms like those of the disease. Prescribed substances called remedies are made from naturally occurring plant, animal, or mineral substances and are used to stimulate the vital force of the body so that it can heal itself.
Homeopathic medicine/Whole Medical Systems
(Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine
Curanderismo is a Latin American traditional healing system that includes a humoral model for classifying food, activity, drugs, and illnesses and a series of folk illnesses. The goal is to create a balance between the patient and his or her environment, thereby sustaining health
Latin American traditional healing
/Whole Medical Systems
(Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine
Tribal traditions are individualistic, but similarities across traditions include the use of sweating and purging, herbal remedies, and ceremonies in which a shaman (a spiritual healer) makes contact with spirits to ask their direction in bringing healing to people to promote wholeness and healing.
Native American traditional healing
/Whole Medical Systems
(Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine
A system of therapeutics focused on treating the whole person and promoting health and well-being rather than an individual disease. Therapeutics include herbal medicine, nutritional supplementation, physical medicine, homeopathy, lifestyle counseling, and mind-body therapies with an orientation toward assisting the person’s internal capacity for self-healing (vitalism)
Naturopathic medicine
/Whole Medical Systems
(Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine
An ancient healing tradition identified in the first century AD focused on balancing yin/yang energies. It is a set of systematic techniques and methods, including acupuncture, herbal medicines, massage, acupressure, moxibustion (use of heat from burning herbs), qi gong (balancing energy flow through body movement), cupping, and massage. Fundamental concepts are from Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
/Whole Medical Systems
(Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine
emphasizes the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient; focuses on the whole person; is informed by evidence; and makes use of appropriate therapeutic approaches, health care professionals, and disciplines to achieve optimal health
integrative health care
defined as “a way of being-knowing-doing that advances the health and well-being of persons, families, and communities through caring-healing relationships
integrative nursing
(1) the history of each therapy (many have been used by cultures for thousands of years to support health and ameliorate suffering);
(2) nursing’s history and experience with a particular therapy;
(3) other forms of evidence reporting outcomes and safety data, including case study and qualitative research;
(4) the cultural influences and context for certain patient populations.
risk and benefits of each intervention and consider the following when recommending complementary therapies
Focusing (the ability to identify, differentiate, maintain attention on, and return attention to simple stimuli for an extended period)
• Passivity (the ability to stop unnecessary goal-directed and analytic activity)
• Receptivity (the ability to tolerate and accept experiences that are uncertain, unfamiliar, or paradoxical)
Cognitive skills include
Relaxation
Skin disorders, including burns, inflammation and acute injuries (used topically)
Acceleration of wound healing
potential drug interaction:Furosemide (Lasix) and loop diuretics
Aloe (safe, effective herbs)
GI ulcerations, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (taken orally)
Unknown mechanism, although there is a known laxative effect
potential drug interaction: enhance the effects of laxatives when taken orally
Aloe (safe, effective herbs)
Inflammatory diseases of GI and upper respiratory tracts
Antiinflammatory
Chamomile(safe, effective herbs)
Generalized anxiety disorder
Calming agent
potential drug interaction:
Drugs that cause drowsiness (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, narcotics, antidepressants)
Chamomile(safe, effective herbs)
Upper respiratory tract infections
Stimulant of immune system
potential drug interaction: Anti-rejection and other drugs that weaken immune system
May interact with antiretrovirals and other drugs used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS
Echinacea(safe, effective herbs)
Wound healing- Antiinflammatory
potential drug interaction: Warfarin and other anticoagulants
Feverfew(safe, effective herbs)
Arthritis
Inhibition of serotonin and prostaglandins
potential drug interaction: Aspirin and ibuprofen
Feverfew(safe, effective herbs)
Elevated cholesterol levels
effect:Inhibition of platelet aggregation
potential drug int: Warfarin (anticoagulant/treats thrombosis) and blood thinners
Garlic(safe, effective herbs)
Hypertension
potential drug int: Saquinavir and other anti-HIV drugs
Garlic(safe, effective herbs)
Nausea and vomiting
effect: Antiemetic (prevent vomit)
potential drug interaction: Warfarin and anticoagulants
Aspirin and NSAIDs(relieve pain, reduce inflammation, bring down temp)
Ginger(safe, effective herbs)
Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
effect: Memory improvement,
potential drug interaction:Warfarin and anticoagulants
Aspirin and NSAIDs
Ginkgo biloba(safe, effective herbs)
Age-related diseases
effect:Increased physical endurance, improved immune function
potential drug int: Warfarin and anticoagulants
Aspirin and NSAIDs,
MAO inhibitors(anti-depressants, panic disorder, social phobia)
Ginseng (safe, effective herbs)
GI disorders, including gastric ulcers and hepatitis C
potential drug interaction: Corticosteroids (treat inflammation) and other immunosuppressive drugs
Digoxin
Antihypertensive drugs
Licorice(safe, effective herbs)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
effect:Prevention of conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (needed for prostate cell multiplication)
potential drug inter: Finasteride (urinary retention med) and antiandrogen drugs
Saw palmetto(safe, effective herbs)
Chronic pelvic pain
Saw palmetto(safe, effective herbs)
Sleep disorders, mild anxiety and restlessness
effect: Central nervous system depression
potential drug int: Barbiturates and other sleep medications
Alcohol
Antihistamines
Valerian(safe, effective herbs)
Fever
Digestive aid
(kidney damage and seizures with oral preparations)
Calamus (Indian type most toxic)/
Unsafe Herbs
Anticancer
Used for bronchitis in traditional healing systems (Native American and Hispanic folk medicine)
Found in “natural” weight-loss products
problem: induces severe liver toxicity in some cases
Severe uterine contractions
Chaparral/Unsafe Herbs
Antitussive (relive cough)
problem:Contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Hepatotoxic (damage liver)
Coltsfoot/Unsafe Herbs
Wound healing and acute injuries
Used for antiinflammatory effects in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
problem: Contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
May induce venoocclusive disease
Hepatotoxic
Comfrey/ Unsafe Herbs
Central nervous system stimulant Bronchodilator Cardiac stimulation Weight loss problem: Unsafe for people with hypertension, diabetes, or thyroid disease Avoid consumption with caffeine
Ephedra (ma huang)/ Unsafe Herbs
Menstrual flow stimulant
problem: Hepatotoxic
Life root/ Unsafe Herbs
Antirheumatic (slow down progression in rheumatoid arthiritis)
Anticancer
problem: Do not use with children, but many websites state that it is safe with observation and monitoring and proper dosing; often used with folk remedies and in Native American healing
Pokeweed/ Unsafe Herbs
