ch 32 Complementary Therapies and Integrative Health

Question 1

(conventional Western medicine) is quite effective in treating numerous physical ailments (e.g., bacterial infections, structural abnormalities, and acute emergencies), it is generally less effective in decreasing stress-induced illnesses, managing symptoms of chronic disease, caring for the emotional and spiritual needs of individuals, and improving quality of life and general well-being.

Answer 1

allopathic or biomedicine

Question 2

therapies used together with conventional treatment recommended by a person’s health care provider.

Answer 2

Complementary therapies

Question 3

include relaxation; exercise; massage; reflexology; prayer; biofeedback; hypnotherapy; creative therapies, including art, music, or dance therapy; meditation; chiropractic 677therapy; and herbs/supplements

Answer 3

Complementary therapies

Question 4

describe interventions used in this fashion, particularly by licensed health care providers

Answer 4

integrative therapies

Question 5

nonpharmacologic therapies such as exercise, chiropractic, and herb supplements are used in place of conventional pharmacologic or other medical procedures

Answer 5

alternative therapies

Question 6

used to supplement dietary/nutritional intake by mouth; contain one or more dietary ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other botanical products

Answer 6

Dietary supplements (
Complementary Therapies)

Question 7

Plant-based therapies used in whole systems of medicine or as individual preparations by allopathic providers and consumers for specific symptoms or issues

Answer 7

Herbal medicines(
Complementary Therapies)

Question 8

Predominantly a vegan diet (no animal products except fish); initially used in the management of a variety of cancers; emphasis placed on whole cereal grains, vegetables, and unprocessed foods

Answer 8

Macrobiotic diet(
Complementary Therapies)

Question 9

Fungi-based (mushroom) products

Answer 9

Mycotherapies(

Complementary Therapies)

Question 10

Increased intake of nutrients such as vitamin C and beta-carotene; treats cancer, schizophrenia, autism, and certain chronic diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease

Answer 10

Orthomolecular medicine (megavitamin)/ Complementary Therapies)

Question 11

Live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gastrointestinal system; also called good bacteria

Answer 11

Probiotics/ Complementary Therapies)

Question 12

Dietary program that requires eating protein, carbohydrate, and fat in a 30:40:30 ratio—30% of calories from protein, 40% from carbohydrate, and 30% from fat; used to balance insulin and other hormones for optimal health

Answer 12

The “Zone”/Complementary Therapies)

Question 13

Traditional Chinese method of producing analgesia or altering the function of a body system by inserting thin needles along a series of lines or channels, called meridians; direct needle manipulation of energetic meridians influences deeper internal organs by redirecting qi

Answer 13

Acupuncture/ Energy Therapies

Question 14

Biofield therapy; uses gentle touch directly on or close to body to influence and support the human energy system and bring balance to the whole body (physical, spiritual, emotional, and mental); a formal educational and certification system provides credentials for practitioners

Answer 14

Healing touch/ Energy Therapies

Question 15

Biofield therapy derived from ancient Buddhist rituals; practitioner places hands on or above a body area and transfers “universal life energy,” providing strength, harmony, and balance to treat a patient’s health disturbances

Answer 15

Reiki therapy/ Energy Therapies

Question 16

Biofield therapy involving direction of a practitioner’s balanced energies in an intentional manner toward those of a patient; practitioner’s hands lay on or close to a patient’s body

Answer 16

Therapeutic touch/ Energy Therapies

Question 17

Bioelectromagnetic therapy; devices (magnets) applied to the body surface, producing a measurable magnetic field; used primarily to alleviate pain associated with musculoskeletal injuries or disorders

Answer 17

Magnet therapy/ Energy Therapies

Question 18

Applying digital pressure in a specified way on designated points on the body to relieve pain, produce analgesia(inability to feel pain), or regulate a body function

Answer 18

Acupressure/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods

Question 19

Manipulating the spinal column; includes physiotherapy and diet therapy

Answer 19

Chiropractic medicine/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods

Question 20

Assessing the craniosacral motion for rate, amplitude, symmetry, and quality and attuning/aligning the spinal column, cerebrospinal fluid, and rhythmic processes, releasing restrictions or abnormal barriers to motion

Answer 20

Craniosacral therapy/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods

Question 21

Manipulating soft tissue through stroking, rubbing, or kneading to increase circulation, improve muscle tone, and provide relaxation

Answer 21

Massage therapy/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods

Question 22

Touching the patient in appropriate and gentle ways to make connection, display acceptance, and give appreciation

Answer 22

Simple touch/ Manipulative and Body-Based Methods

Question 23

Use of art to reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, and express patients’ unspoken and frequently unconscious concerns about their disease

Answer 23

Art therapy/Mind-Body Interventions

Question 24

Process providing a person with visual or auditory information about autonomic physiological functions of the body such as muscle tension, skin temperature, and brain wave activity through the use of instruments

Answer 24

Biofeedback//Mind-Body Interventions

Question 25

Using a variety of breathing patterns to relax, invigorate, or open emotional channels

Answer 25

Breathwork/Mind-Body Interventions

Question 26

Concentrating on an image or series of images to treat pathological conditions

Answer 26

Guided imagery/Mind-Body Interventions

Question 27

Self-directed practice for relaxing the body and calming the mind using focused rhythmic breathing

Answer 27

Meditation/Mind-Body Interventions

Question 28

Using music to address physical, psychological, cognitive, and social needs of individuals with disabilities and illnesses; improves physical movement and/or communication, develops emotional expression, evokes memories, and distracts people who are in pain

Answer 28

Music therapy//Mind-Body Interventions

Question 29

Incorporating breath, movement, and meditation to cleanse, strengthen, and circulate vital life energy and blood; stimulate the immune system; and maintain external and internal balance

Answer 29

Tai chi//Mind-Body Interventions

Question 30

Focuses on body musculature, posture, breathing mechanisms, and consciousness; goal is attainment of physical and mental well-being through mastery of body achieved through exercise, holding of postures, proper breathing, and meditation

Answer 30

Yoga/Mind-Body Interventions

Question 31

Intimate and powerful medium because it is a direct expression of the mind and body; treats persons with social, emotional, cognitive, or physical problems

Answer 31

Dance therapy/Movement Therapies

Question 32

A complementary therapy based on establishment of good self-image through awareness and correction of body movements; integrates the understanding of the physics of body movement patterns with an awareness of the way people learn to move, behave, and interact

Answer 32

Feldenkrais method/ Movement Therapies

Question 33

Method of body movement used to strengthen, lengthen, and improve the voluntary control of muscles and muscle groups, especially those used for posture and core strengthening; awareness of breathing and precise movements are integral components

Answer 33

Pilates/ Movement Therapies

Question 34

One of the oldest systems of medicine, practiced in India since the first century AD. There are eight branches of Ayurvedic medicine, including internal medicine; surgery; treatment of head and neck disease; gynecology, obstetrics, and pediatrics; toxicology; psychiatry; elder care and rejuvenation; and sexual vitality. Treatments balance the doshas using a combination of dietary and lifestyle changes, herbal remedies and purgatives, massage, meditation, and exercise.

Answer 34

Ayurvedic medicine/Whole Medical Systems (Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine

Question 35

Developed in Germany and practiced in the United States since the mid-1800s. It is a system of medical treatments based on the theory that certain diseases can be cured by giving small, highly diluted doses of substances that in a healthy person would produce symptoms like those of the disease. Prescribed substances called remedies are made from naturally occurring plant, animal, or mineral substances and are used to stimulate the vital force of the body so that it can heal itself.

Answer 35

Homeopathic medicine/Whole Medical Systems (Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine

Question 36

Curanderismo is a Latin American traditional healing system that includes a humoral model for classifying food, activity, drugs, and illnesses and a series of folk illnesses. The goal is to create a balance between the patient and his or her environment, thereby sustaining health

Answer 36

Latin American traditional healing /Whole Medical Systems (Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine

Question 37

Tribal traditions are individualistic, but similarities across traditions include the use of sweating and purging, herbal remedies, and ceremonies in which a shaman (a spiritual healer) makes contact with spirits to ask their direction in bringing healing to people to promote wholeness and healing.

Answer 37

Native American traditional healing /Whole Medical Systems (Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine

Question 38

A system of therapeutics focused on treating the whole person and promoting health and well-being rather than an individual disease. Therapeutics include herbal medicine, nutritional supplementation, physical medicine, homeopathy, lifestyle counseling, and mind-body therapies with an orientation toward assisting the person’s internal capacity for self-healing (vitalism)

Answer 38

Naturopathic medicine /Whole Medical Systems (Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine

Question 39

An ancient healing tradition identified in the first century AD focused on balancing yin/yang energies. It is a set of systematic techniques and methods, including acupuncture, herbal medicines, massage, acupressure, moxibustion (use of heat from burning herbs), qi gong (balancing energy flow through body movement), cupping, and massage. Fundamental concepts are from Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism.

Answer 39

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) /Whole Medical Systems (Complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved independently from or parallel to conventional biomedicine)/ type of complementary/ alternative medicine

Question 40

emphasizes the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient; focuses on the whole person; is informed by evidence; and makes use of appropriate therapeutic approaches, health care professionals, and disciplines to achieve optimal health

Answer 40

integrative health care

Question 41

defined as “a way of being-knowing-doing that advances the health and well-being of persons, families, and communities through caring-healing relationships

Answer 41

integrative nursing

Question 42

(1) the history of each therapy (many have been used by cultures for thousands of years to support health and ameliorate suffering); (2) nursing’s history and experience with a particular therapy; (3) other forms of evidence reporting outcomes and safety data, including case study and qualitative research; (4) the cultural influences and context for certain patient populations.

Answer 42

risk and benefits of each intervention and consider the following when recommending complementary therapies

Question 43

Focusing (the ability to identify, differentiate, maintain attention on, and return attention to simple stimuli for an extended period) • Passivity (the ability to stop unnecessary goal-directed and analytic activity) • Receptivity (the ability to tolerate and accept experiences that are uncertain, unfamiliar, or paradoxical)

Answer 43

Cognitive skills include | Relaxation

Question 44

Skin disorders, including burns, inflammation and acute injuries (used topically) Acceleration of wound healing potential drug interaction:Furosemide (Lasix) and loop diuretics

Answer 44

Aloe (safe, effective herbs)

Question 45

GI ulcerations, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (taken orally) Unknown mechanism, although there is a known laxative effect potential drug interaction: enhance the effects of laxatives when taken orally

Answer 45

Aloe (safe, effective herbs)

Question 46

Inflammatory diseases of GI and upper respiratory tracts | Antiinflammatory

Answer 46

Chamomile(safe, effective herbs)

Question 47

Generalized anxiety disorder Calming agent potential drug interaction: Drugs that cause drowsiness (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, narcotics, antidepressants)

Answer 47

Chamomile(safe, effective herbs)

Question 48

Upper respiratory tract infections Stimulant of immune system potential drug interaction: Anti-rejection and other drugs that weaken immune system May interact with antiretrovirals and other drugs used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS

Answer 48

Echinacea(safe, effective herbs)

Question 49

Wound healing- Antiinflammatory | potential drug interaction: Warfarin and other anticoagulants

Answer 49

Feverfew(safe, effective herbs)

Question 50

Arthritis Inhibition of serotonin and prostaglandins potential drug interaction: Aspirin and ibuprofen

Answer 50

Feverfew(safe, effective herbs)

Question 51

Elevated cholesterol levels effect:Inhibition of platelet aggregation potential drug int: Warfarin (anticoagulant/treats thrombosis) and blood thinners

Answer 51

Garlic(safe, effective herbs)

Question 52

Hypertension | potential drug int: Saquinavir and other anti-HIV drugs

Answer 52

Garlic(safe, effective herbs)

Question 53

Nausea and vomiting effect: Antiemetic (prevent vomit) potential drug interaction: Warfarin and anticoagulants Aspirin and NSAIDs(relieve pain, reduce inflammation, bring down temp)

Answer 53

Ginger(safe, effective herbs)

Question 54

Alzheimer’s disease and dementia effect: Memory improvement, potential drug interaction:Warfarin and anticoagulants Aspirin and NSAIDs

Answer 54

Ginkgo biloba(safe, effective herbs)

Question 55

Age-related diseases effect:Increased physical endurance, improved immune function potential drug int: Warfarin and anticoagulants Aspirin and NSAIDs, MAO inhibitors(anti-depressants, panic disorder, social phobia)

Answer 55

Ginseng (safe, effective herbs)

Question 56

GI disorders, including gastric ulcers and hepatitis C potential drug interaction: Corticosteroids (treat inflammation) and other immunosuppressive drugs Digoxin Antihypertensive drugs

Answer 56

Licorice(safe, effective herbs)

Question 57

Benign prostatic hyperplasia effect:Prevention of conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (needed for prostate cell multiplication) potential drug inter: Finasteride (urinary retention med) and antiandrogen drugs

Answer 57

Saw palmetto(safe, effective herbs)

Question 58

Chronic pelvic pain

Answer 58

Saw palmetto(safe, effective herbs)

Question 59

Sleep disorders, mild anxiety and restlessness effect: Central nervous system depression potential drug int: Barbiturates and other sleep medications Alcohol Antihistamines

Answer 59

Valerian(safe, effective herbs)

Question 60

Fever Digestive aid (kidney damage and seizures with oral preparations)

Answer 60

Calamus (Indian type most toxic)/ | Unsafe Herbs

Question 61

Anticancer Used for bronchitis in traditional healing systems (Native American and Hispanic folk medicine) Found in “natural” weight-loss products problem: induces severe liver toxicity in some cases Severe uterine contractions

Answer 61

Chaparral/Unsafe Herbs

Question 62

Antitussive (relive cough) problem:Contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids Hepatotoxic (damage liver)

Answer 62

Coltsfoot/Unsafe Herbs

Question 63

Wound healing and acute injuries Used for antiinflammatory effects in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis problem: Contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids May induce venoocclusive disease Hepatotoxic

Answer 63

Comfrey/ Unsafe Herbs

Question 64

``` Central nervous system stimulant Bronchodilator Cardiac stimulation Weight loss problem: Unsafe for people with hypertension, diabetes, or thyroid disease Avoid consumption with caffeine ```

Answer 64

Ephedra (ma huang)/ Unsafe Herbs

Question 65

Menstrual flow stimulant | problem: Hepatotoxic

Answer 65

Life root/ Unsafe Herbs

Question 66

Antirheumatic (slow down progression in rheumatoid arthiritis) Anticancer problem: Do not use with children, but many websites state that it is safe with observation and monitoring and proper dosing; often used with folk remedies and in Native American healing

Answer 66

Pokeweed/ Unsafe Herbs