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Mental status > ch 38 potter activity and exercise > Flashcards

ch 38 potter activity and exercise Flashcards

1
Q

is a term that describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.

A

Body mechanics

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2
Q

and “posture” are similar and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying.

A

body alignment

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3
Q

means that an individual’s center of gravity is stable

A

Body alignment

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4
Q

is the force exerted on a body by gravity

A

Weight

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5
Q

force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move is called

A

shear

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6
Q

involves the integrated functioning of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems

A

Coordinated body movement

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7
Q

skeleton is the supporting framework of the body and is made up of four types of bones:

A

long, short, flat, and irregular

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8
Q

provides attachments for muscles and ligaments and the leverage necessary for mobility

A

skeletal system

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9
Q

are important for mobilization because they are firm, rigid, and elastic

A

Bones

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10
Q

bone loss

A

(resorption)

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11
Q

region where two or more bones attach is referred to as a

A

joint

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12
Q

Each joint is classified according to its

A

structure and degree of mobility

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13
Q

three classifications of joints:

A

cartilaginous, fibrous, and synovial

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14
Q

fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little if any movement, such as the syndesmosis between the tibia and fibula

A

Fibrous joints

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15
Q

have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to unite separate bony surfaces, such as the synchondrosis that attaches the ribs to the costal cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joints

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16
Q

, or true joints, such as the hinge type at the elbow, are freely movable and the most mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex body joints

A

Synovial joints

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17
Q

Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage support the

A

skeletal system

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18
Q

are white, shiny, flexible bands of dense fibrous tissue that bind joints and connect bones and cartilage

A

Ligaments

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19
Q

is one type of collagenous (classification of joint) fiber that intertwines in irregular, swirling arrangements to form thick connective tissue

A

ligament

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20
Q

are white, glistening fibrous bands of tissue that occur in various lengths and thicknesses

A

Tendons

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21
Q

connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic. The Achilles tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body.

A

Tendons

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22
Q 
is nonvascular (without blood vessels) supporting connective tissue located chiefly in the joints and thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear.
-serves as a shock absorber
A

Cartilage

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23
Q

is unossified (not hardened), except in advanced age and diseases such as osteoarthritis, which impairs mobility.

A

Permanent cartilage

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24
Q

contract when stimulated by an electrochemical impulse that travels from the nerve to the muscle across the neuromuscular junction

A

Muscle fibers

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25
Q

two types of muscle contractions,

A

isotonic and isometric

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26
Q

isotonic or dynamic contraction is mobilizing, causing the

A

body to move

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27
Q

is stabilizing, causing the body to hold a stable position

A

isometric contraction

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28
Q

Isotonic contractions have two varieties,

A

concentric and eccentric

29
Q

causes lengthening of a muscle to control the speed and direction of movement

A

Eccentric tension

30
Q

(static contraction) causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement of the muscle (e.g., instructing a patient to tighten and relax a muscle group, as in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic floor exercises)

A

Isometric contraction

31
Q

is a combination of isotonic and isometric contractions

A

Voluntary movement

32
Q

Muscle that directly performs a specific movement.

A

Prime mover

33
Q

Muscle that directly when contracting opposes prime mover or agonist. Relaxes while prime mover contracts. Provides precision and control during contraction of prime mover.

A

Antagonist

34
Q

Muscle that contracts at same time as prime mover. Facilitates prime mover actions to produce more effective movement.

A

Synergists

35
Q

Muscles that stabilize joints; act as type of synergist. Serve to maintain posture and balance

A

Fixators

36
Q

, is the normal state of balanced muscle tension.

A

Muscle tone, or tonus

37
Q

Stretch receptors associated with muscles, joint capsules, and tendons are classified as

A

proprioceptors

38
Q

regulates movement and posture

A

nervous system

39
Q

, is the major voluntary motor area and is in the cerebral cortex

A

precentral gyrus, or motor strip

40
Q

disrupts transfer from the neurotransmitter to the muscle

A

myasthenia gravis

41
Q

impairs muscle activity

A

multiple sclerosis

42
Q

are located within muscle spindles

A

Proprioceptors

43
Q

controls balance specifically through the inner ear, the cerebellum, and through vision.

A

nervous system

44
Q

sense organs that are involved in balance are located within the

A

vestibule and semicircular canals of the ear.

45
Q

coordinates patterns of muscle movement with the motor control areas of the cerebrum

A

cerebellum

46
Q

action of the prime movers, antagonists, 783synergists and fixator muscles to make normal movement smooth, steady, and precise as to the force, rate, and extent of movement

A

cerebellum coordinates

47
Q

identifies patients with a high risk for impaired skin integrity

A

Braden Scale

48
Q

. It promotes circulation by mimicking the natural action of walking.

A

venous plexus foot pump

49
Q

(sometimes called antiembolitic stockings) also aid in maintaining external pressure on the muscles of the lower extremities and thus promote venous return

A

Elastic stockings

50
Q

reduce the risk of contractures and aid in preventing thrombi

A

ROM exercises and early mobility

51
Q

. Specific exercises that help prevent thrombophlebitis are

A

ankle pumps, foot circles, and knee flexion.

52
Q

include alternating plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

A

Ankle pumps, sometimes called calf pumps,

53
Q

involves alternately extending and flexing the knee. These exercises are sometimes referred to as antiembolic exercises and need to be done hourly while awake.

A

antiembolic exercises//Knee flexion

54
Q

devices also help maintain dorsiflexion. Patients who wear positioning boots or AFOs need to have these removed periodically (e.g., 2 hours on, 2 hours off).

A

Ankle-foot orthotic (AFO)

55
Q

prevents external rotation of the hips when a patient is in a supine position

A

trochanter roll

56
Q

maintain the thumb in slight adduction and in opposition to the fingers, which maintain a functional position. Assess the hand roll positioning to make sure that the hand is indeed in a functional position. Hand rolls are most often used with patients whose arms are paralyzed or who are unconscious

A

Hand rolls

57
Q

is a triangular device that hangs down from a securely fastened overhead bar that is attached to the bedframe

A

trapeze bar

58
Q

use the 30-degree lateral position

A

potential pressure areas exist

59
Q

In the supported Fowler’s position the head of the bed is elevated 45 to 60 degrees, and the patient’s knees are slightly elevated without pressure to restrict circulation in the lower legs

A

fowler position

60
Q

benefits in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury

A

prone position

61
Q

the patient places the weight on the anterior ileum, humerus, and clavicle

A

Sims’ position

62
Q

is recommended for patients at risk for pressure injuries

A

30-degree lateral position

63
Q

low air loss mattresses, heel boots, flotation mattresses

A

prevent injury to integumentary sys

64
Q

(one-sided weakness)

A

hemiparesis

65
Q

(one-sided paralysis)

A

hemiplegia

66
Q

assistive device is used, stand on the patient’s affected side and support him or her with a

A

gait belt.

67
Q

is one holistic therapeutic approach that acknowledges the importance of addressing the body and spirit as well as the mind during therapeutic work

A

Psycho-Physical Therapy

68
Q

is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by

inadequate and delayed mineralization, resulting in compact and spongy bone

A

Osteomalacia

Mental status (69 decks)

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