ch 28 hockenberry develop & genetic influence on child health promotion Flashcards
more susceptible to positive or
negative influences
Sensitive period
doubles within 5 months and 12 months it triples
infant weight
birth length doubles at what yr?
4 yrs
pubertal growth spurt begins earlier in girls at age?
10-14 for girls
11-16 for boys
determining skeletal age is by
radiographs of hands and wrists
affects growth problem for children long bones
epiphyseal plate
lymph nodes increase rapidly until reach?
age 6
lymph nodes reach maximal development at
-(twice adult size)
10-12 years
BMR- rate of metabolism when body is at rest.
- increased by fever
- as child grows, it decreases to maturity
slightly higher in boys than girls at all ages
Chess and Thomas
categorised temperament
industry- complete complex tasks & trust
school age child/ 12 years
thinking is concrete and tangible.
Preoperational
Increasingly logical thought,
inductive reasoning,
the ability to make generalizations
concrete operations (7-11)
adverse effect of teratogens (permanent effect on developing fetus)
Accutane,Rubella,Alcohol,Dilantin, warfarin, cytomegalovirus, radiation, and maternal PKU.
XY
male
XX
female
one extra copy of chromosome 21 (total of 47 )
Down syndrome
have 45 chromosomes; the sex chromosomes would have just one X
Turner syndrome
are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific developmental tasks
Critical periods
a series of conflicts affected by social and cultural factors. Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emotionally, with unsuccessful resolution leaving the child
Erik Erikson
BMI-for-age greater than or equal to the 85th percentile and less than the 95th percentile
BMI-for-age risk for overweight
greater than or equal to the 95th percentile are considered overweight
body mass index (BMI)for-age percentile indicates overwieght
9th and 10th percentiles are within normal limits.
body mass index (BMI)for-age percentile
are used to measure skin-fold thickness, which is an indicator of body fat content
Calipers
are used to measure height
Stadiometers
Chest circumference is larger than head circumference at age
2.5 to 3 years.
Head circumference begins larger than chest circumference.
1 months, 6 to 9 months
Head circumference equal with chest circumference.
-bw 1-2 years they become equal
radial pulse can be taken in children
2 years (earliest age)
petechiae in dark-skinned individuals
can be seen in oral mucosa or conjunctiva
, small distinct pinpoint hemorrhages,
Petechiae
Binocularity is usually achieved by ages
3 to 4 months
is used for color vision.
Ishihara vision test
are heard over the entire surface of lungs, with the exception of the upper intrascapular
area and the area beneath the manubrium
Vesicular breath sounds
breath sounds are heard only over the trachea near the
suprasternal notch.
Bronchial
. are heard over the manubrium and in the upper intrascapular regions where trachea and bronchi bifurcate
Bronchovesicular breath sounds
is the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves,
S1
is the closure of the pulmonic and aortic
valves
S2
is a normal heart sound sometimes heard in children.
S3
is the distinction of the two sounds in S2, which widens on inspiration. It is a significant normal finding.
Physiologic splitting
rarely heard as a normal heart sound. If heard, medical evaluation is required
S4
is an indication of cerebellar function (test checks balance and coordination.)
finger-to-nose-test
head lag after age 6 months strongly
indicates cerebral injury
The review of systems, sexual history, nutritional assessment, and family medical history are part of the
health history.
is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.
order of abdominal examination
topical anaesthesia used to put infant before immunisation given to reduce pain
EMLA and vapor coolant sprays
weight (not height) below the 5th percentile is indicative of
failure to thrive.
low birth weight, low Apgar scores, or
recent viral illness
Risk for SID
MMR and varicella vaccinations would not be
administered until the child is at
least 1 year of age
RV, DTaP, HIB, and IPV vaccinations.
4 months
id, ego, and superego
psychic energy 3 components of personality (freud)
the unconscious mind, is the inborn component that is driven by instincts. The id obeys the pleasure principle of immediate gratification of needs, regardless of whether the object or action can actually do so
id(freud)
the conscious mind, serves the reality principle. It functions as the conscious or controlling self that is able to find realistic means for gratifying the instincts while blocking the irrational thinking of the id
ego(freud)
the conscience, functions as the moral arbitrator and represents the ideal. It is the mechanism that prevents individuals from expressing undesirable instincts that might threaten the social order
superego(freud)
