growth and development EDGT Flashcards
he startle or Moro reflex should disappear by the age of
-able to sit
4 months
ability to follow simple commands appears between
10-12 months.
foods should not be introduced until
- diet would include baby foods such as rice, fruits, and vegetables
- sit w/out support (8 months)
6-8 months of age.
, the child is able to use a fork to eat bite-size pieces of food.
end of the toddler period
psychosocial stage of infancy involves trust vs. mistrust
Erikson’s
concentrates on oral pleasure
Freud
on cognitive stages
Piaget
on moral stages.
Kohlberg
are able to accomplish the gross motor skill of balancing on one foot.
-(fine motor) skill of drawing a circle
-Talks incessantly, regardless of whether anyone is listening
Walking, running, climbing, and jumping
-rides a tricycle, walks on tiptoe, balances on one foot for a few seconds, and broad jumps
-skips and hops proficiently on one foot
3 yr (preschool)
Jumping rope, riding a two-wheel bike, and skipping on alternate feet are gross motor skills of
-Tying shoelaces, using scissors
or a pencil very well, and drawing a person with multiple parts are fine motor skills
-Magical thinking is believing that thoughts can cause events
-use sentences with eight words with all parts of speech
-sleep approximately 11 hours
5-year-old children.
concept of conservation is the cognitive task of school-age children ages akay learn that simply altering their arrangement in space does not change certain
properties of the environment,
-understand concept of hour/mins (5-6 yrs)
-o add 1 + 3 = 4 but is unable to retrace the process (preoperational/2-7yr)
- the concept of reversibility ex:2 + 4 = 6 and 6 4 = 2
5 to 7 years
. Children can tell time on a clock at age
- Using a knife to cut meat is a fine motor task
- retrace a process (reversibility) and has the skills necessary for solving mathematical problems. (7-8)
7 years.
do not fully understand use of time-oriented words until age
- can describe an object according to its composition.
6 years
-abstract sense of time at
-imaginary play: dress-up clothes, dolls and
dollhouses, housekeeping toys, play-store toys, telephones, farm animals and equipment, village sets, trains, trucks, cars, planes, hand puppets, and medical kits
-can give and follow simple commands and tell exaggerated stories (3-4yrs)
age 3 years
understands time in relation to events such as meals
-cannot understand the cause and effect of illness
-egocentrism makes them think that they
are directly responsible for events, making them feel guilt for things outside of their control.
-show stress by regressing developmentally or acting out
-follow simple commands
-4- to 5-year-old asks lots of questions and can follow simple directional commands
4-year-old
Conservation of matter is a developmental task of the
-play in teams
-100-piece jigsaw puzzle and a jump rope
-grows an average of 2 inches per year
-Have the ability to classify, group and sort, and hold a concept in their minds while making
decisions based on that concept
-know the rules and behaviors expected of them but do not understand the reasons for them
-rules are established and set down by others
school-age child
-play solitary
infants
- play associative (no organisation/ rules/no goal)
- imaginary friend when lonely
preschool
. Hammering a nail and making change from a quarter are fine motor tasks of an
8- to 9-year-old
Stammering and stuttering are normal dysfluencies in
-little understanding of body boundaries, which leads to fears of mutilation.
preschool-age children
are traits of toddlers language.
Echolalia and repetition
Acyclovir (Zovirax) is given to children with chickenpox
decrease number of lesions,shortens duration of fever, and decreases itching, lethargy, and
anorexia
-given to immunocompromised children to reduce the
severity of symptoms.
Varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) is given to high risk children to help prevent the development of chickenpox or Immune globulin intravenous
given to high risk children after exposure to chickenpox to prevent varicella
reduces morbidity and mortality associated with the measles.
-Measles (rubeola).
Vitamin A
is administered to reduce the itching associated with chickenpox.
antihistamine diphenhydramine
When the lesions are crusted, the
chickenpox is no longer contagious
cannot reason abstractly until
late adolescence.
Scientific reasoning and formal logic are
skills of
-need precise and concrete information.
-Egocentric and narcissistic (15 yr)
adolescents
able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted the behavior rather than just by consequences.
- view illness or injury as a punishment for a real or imagined mystique (8 yrs)
- creation of formalized groups or clubs (9/10)
- Conformity becomes less important (less compliant w/rules)
late adolescents
- skeptical and logical
-stage of concrete operations
-learn that their point
of view is not the only one
-has a sense of humor
-f plays on words, jokes, and incongruities.
-objects do not change when their order, form, or appearance does
-drawing, building models, and playing a musical instrument
-ability to classify things from simple to complex - the ability to identify differences and similarities
- fascinated with complex board, card, or computer games that they can play alone, with a best friend, or with a group
-enjoy sewing, cooking, carpentry, gardening, and creative activities such as painting
school age (8 yr)
formal operations
- abstract reasoning
- solves problems by random guessing.
- Capability to use a future time perspective
- peer group serves as a strong support to teenagers/belonging/power
- increase in body mass(eat more)
- need for sleep is increased
- impulsive and impatient.
- self-absorbed and self-centered
- sudden mood swings.
adolescence.
base right and wrong on consequences, the most important consideration for this age-group.
Children 4 to 7 years of age
Parents determine right and wrong for the
child younger than
4 years of age
Structuring the environment so the child can master tasks
-sleep 9 hours at age (age 12)
developmental task industry (school age)
