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Mental status > ch 31 medication administration > Flashcards

ch 31 medication administration Flashcards

1
Q

Shaped like capsule and coated for ease of swallowing

A

Caplet (Solid Forms)

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2
Q

Medication encased in gelatin shell

A

Capsule(Solid Forms)

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3
Q

Powdered medication compressed into hard disk or cylinder; in addition to primary medication, contains binders (adhesive to allow powder to stick together), disintegrators (to promote tablet dissolution), lubricants (for ease of manufacturing), and fillers (for convenient tablet size)

A

tablet(Solid Forms)

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4
Q

Coated tablet that does not dissolve in stomach; coatings dissolve in intestine, where medication is absorbed

A

Enteric-coated tablet(Solid Forms)

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5
Q

Clear fluid containing water and/or alcohol; often sweetened

A

Elixir (Liquid Forms)

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6
Q

Syrup or dried form of pharmacologically active medication, usually made by evaporating solution

A

Extract(Liquid Forms)

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7
Q

Substance dissolved in water and syrups

A

Aqueous solution(Liquid Forms)

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8
Q

Finely dissolved medication particles dispersed in liquid medium; when suspension is left standing, particles settle to bottom of container

A

Aqueous suspension(Liquid Forms)

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9
Q

Medication dissolved in a concentrated sugar solution

A

Syrup(Liquid Forms)

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10
Q

Alcohol extract from plant or vegetable

A

Tincture(Liquid Forms)

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11
Q

Flat, round tablets that dissolve in mouth to release medication; not meant for ingestion

A

Troche (lozenge)

Oral Forms and Terms Associated with Oral Preparations

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12
Q

Aqueous medication sprayed and absorbed in mouth and upper airway; not meant for ingestion

A

Aerosol

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13
Q

Tablet or capsule that contains small particles of a medication coated with material that requires a varying amount of time to dissolve

A

Sustained release

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14
Q

Semisolid, externally applied preparation, usually containing one or more medications

A

Ointment (salve or cream)Topical Route

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15
Q

Usually contains alcohol, oil, or soapy emollient applied to skin

A

Liniment

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16
Q

medication pharmacokinetics, a patient’s health history, physical examination data, and knowledge gained through daily patient interactions

A

Safe medication administration requires

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17
Q

excrete lipid-soluble medications

A

exocrine glands

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18
Q

are the main organs for medication excretion

A

kidneys

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19
Q

is the expected or predicted physiological response caused by a medication

A

therapeutic effect

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20
Q

reduces cardiac workload and increases myocardial oxygen supply

A

nitroglycerin

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21
Q

, a steroid, decreases swelling, inhibits inflammation, reduces allergic responses, and prevents rejection of transplanted organs.

A

prednisone

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22
Q

very young and older adults, pregnant women, patients taking multiple medications, patients who are extremely underweight or overweight, and patients with renal or liver disease.

A

risk for adverse medication reactions

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23
Q

,an opioid antagonist, reverses the effects of opioid toxicity.

A

naloxone

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24
Q

not to chew or swallow the medication or to take any liquids with it. A buccal medication acts locally on the mucosa or systemically as it is swallowed in a person’s saliva

A

buccal route

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25
Q

Semiliquid suspension that usually protects, cools, or cleanses skin

A

Lotion (Topical Route)

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26
Q

Medication preparation that is thicker than ointment; absorbed through skin more slowly than ointment; often used for skin protection

A

Paste(Topical Route)

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27
Q

Medicated disk or patch absorbed through skin slowly over long period of time (e.g., 24 hours)

A

Transdermal disk or patch(Topical Route)

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28
Q

Sterile preparation that contains water with one or more dissolved compounds

A

Solution( Parenteral Route)

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29
Q

Sterile particles of medication that are dissolved in a sterile liquid (e.g., water, normal saline) before administration

A

Powder( Parenteral Route)

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30
Q

Small, flexible oval (similar to contact lens) consisting of two soft, outer layers and a middle layer containing medication; slowly releases medication when moistened by ocular fluid

A

Intraocular disk(Body Cavities)

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31
Q

Solid dosage form mixed with gelatin and shaped in form of pellet for insertion into body cavity (rectum or vagina); melts when it reaches body temperature, releasing medication for absorption

A

Suppository(Body Cavities)

32
Q

Raised, irregularly shaped skin eruptions with varying sizes and shapes; eruptions have reddened margins and pale centers

A

Urticaria (hives) /Mild Allergic Reactions

33
Q

Small, raised vesicles that are usually reddened; often distributed over entire body

A

Rash/Mild Allergic Reactions

34
Q

Itching of skin; accompanies most rashes

A

Pruritus/Mild Allergic Reactions

35
Q

Inflammation of mucous membranes lining nose; causes swelling and clear, watery discharge

A

Rhinitis/Mild Allergic Reactions

36
Q

Period of time it takes after you administer a medication for it to produce a therapeutic effect

A

Onset of medication action:

37
Q

Time it takes for a medication to reach its highest effective peak concentration

A

Peak action:

38
Q

: Minimum blood serum concentration of medication reached just before the next scheduled dose

A

Trough

39
Q

Length of time during which a medication is present in a concentration great enough to produce a therapeutic effect

A

Duration of action:

40
Q

Blood serum concentration reached and maintained after repeated, fixed doses

A

Plateau:

41
Q

AC, ac

A

Before meals

42
Q

ad lib

A

As desired

43
Q

BID, bid

A

Twice each day

44
Q

PC, pc

A

After meals

45
Q

prn

A

Whenever there is a need

46
Q

q am

A

Every morning, every AM

47
Q

qh

A

Every hour

48
Q

Daily

A

Every day

49
Q

q4h

A

Every 4 hours

50
Q

QID, qid

A

4 times per day

51
Q

STAT, stat

A

Give immediately

52
Q

TID, tid

A

3 times per day

53
Q 
Convenient and comfortable
Economical
Easy to administer
Often produce local or systemic effects
Rarely cause anxiety for patient
A

Oral, Buccal, Sublingual Routes

54
Q

Oral route is avoided when patient has alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) function (e.g., nausea, vomiting), reduced GI motility (after general anesthesia or bowel inflammation), and surgical resection of the GI tract.
Oral administration is contraindicated in patients unable to swallow (e.g., patients with neuromuscular disorders, esophageal strictures, mouth lesions).
Oral administration is contraindicated in patients who are unconscious, confused, or unable or unwilling to swallow or hold medication under tongue.
Oral medications cannot be administered when patients have gastric suction; are contraindicated before some tests or surgery.
Oral medications sometimes irritate lining of GI tract, discolor teeth, or have unpleasant taste.
Gastric secretions destroy some medications.

A

Oral, Buccal, Sublingual Routes/ disadvantage

55
Q

when oral medications are contraindicated
More rapid absorption than with topical or oral routes
Intravenous (IV) infusion provides medication delivery when patient is critically ill or long-term therapy is necessary; if peripheral perfusion is poor, IV route preferred over injections

A

Parenteral Routes (Subcutaneous, Intramuscular, Intravenous, Intradermal)

56
Q

There is risk of introducing infection.
Some medications are expensive.
Some patients experience pain from repeated needlesticks.
Subcutaneous, intramuscular (IM), and intradermal (ID) routes are avoided in patients with bleeding tendencies.
There is risk of tissue damage.
IM and IV routes have higher absorption rates, thus placing patient at higher risk for reactions.
They often cause considerable anxiety in many patients, especially children.

A

Parenteral Routes (Subcutaneous, Intramuscular, Intravenous, Intradermal) disadvantage

57
Q

Primarily provides local effect
Painless
Limited side effects

A

Skin (Topical Routes)

58
Q

Patients with skin abrasions are at risk for rapid medication absorption and systemic effects.
Medications are absorbed through skin slowly.

A

Skin (Topical Routes)

59
Q

Prolonged systemic effects with limited side effects

A

Transdermal(Topical Routes)

60
Q

Medication leaves oily or pasty substance on skin and sometimes soils clothing

A

Transdermal(Topical Routes) disadvantage

61
Q

Therapeutic effects provided by local application to involved sites
Aqueous solutions readily absorbed and capable of causing systemic effects
Potential route of administration when oral medications are contraindicated

A

Mucous Membranes (Topical Routes)

62
Q

Mucous membranes are highly sensitive to some medication concentrations.
Patients with ruptured eardrum cannot receive ear irrigations.
Insertion of rectal and vaginal medication often causes embarrassment.
Rectal suppositories contraindicated if patient has had rectal surgery or if active rectal bleeding is present

A

Mucous Membranes (Topical Routes) /disadvantage

63
Q

Provides rapid relief for local respiratory problems

Used for introduction of general anesthetic gases

A

Inhalation(Topical Routes)

64
Q

Some local agents cause serious systemic effects.

A

Inhalation(Topical Routes)/disadvantage

65
Q

Route advantageous because it does not require frequent administration as eyedrops do

A

Intraocular Disk(Topical Routes)

66
Q

Local reactions possible; expensive
Patients must be taught to insert and remove disk
Contraindicated in eye infections

A

Intraocular Disk(Topical Routes)/disadvantage

67
Q

15 drops (gtt)

A

1 mL

68
Q

1 teaspoon (tsp)

A

5 mL

69
Q

1 pint (pt)

A

480 mL (approximately 500 mL)

70
Q

1 quart (qt)

A

960 mL (approximately 1 L)

71
Q

1 gallon (gal)

A

3785 mL (approximately 4 L)

72
Q

do not use spacers.

A

BAIs and DPIs

73
Q

patients use a spacer with the pMDI. A spacer is a tube that is 10.16 to 20.32 cm (4 to 8 inches) in length that attaches to the pMDI and allows the particles of medication to slow down and break into smaller pieces. This helps the medication get deeper into the lungs and enhances absorption.

A

spacer

74
Q

release medication when a patient raises a lever and inhales. Release of the medication depends on the strength of the patient’s breath on inspiration, and a BAI is a good choice for patients who have difficulty in using pMDIs because it eliminates the need for hand-breath coordination

A

BAIs(breath-actuated metered-dose inhalers)

75
Q

hold dry powder medication and create an aerosol when the patient inhales through a reservoir that contains a dose of the medication. The reservoir holds a dose of the medication. Compared with MDIs, DPIs deliver more medication to the lungs

A

DPIs (dry powder inhalers)

76
Q

is indicated for a patient who has difficulty coordinating the steps, like patients with limited mobility/coordination

A

spacer

77
Q

are the infections most commonly transmitted by contaminated needles

A

HBV and HCV

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