CH 25 jarvis Male genitourinary sys Flashcards by marwa Elrezzouk

is determined by blood tests, urinalysis, and imaging studies that show decreased kidney function or kidney damage lasting 3 months or longer.
-survives only by kidney transplant or dialysis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

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, hypertension and diabetes

2 main causes of Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

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fourth most common cause of cancer in men

smoking most common risk
aniline dyes & other chemicals

bladder cancer

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—Excessive quantity

polyuria

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—Diminished, <400 mL/24 hours

Oliguria

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. Burning is common with acute cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis.

Dysuria

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in urinary tract infection.

cloudy urine

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glomerulonephritis or cancers of prostate or bladder.

hematuria may signal

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—Involuntary urine loss from overactive detrusor muscle in bladder.

Urge incontinence

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—Involuntary urine loss with physical strain, sneezing, or coughing caused by weakness of pelvic floor.

Stress incontinence

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such as gonorrhea, herpes, HIV, chlamydia, human papilloma virus (HPV), venereal warts, syphilis

STI (different conditions)

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can hurt and tear adhesions normal at birth

Forced retractions (foreskin)

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—Involuntarily urinating at night after age 5 to 6 years.

Nocturnal enuresis

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HPV vaccine

-genital warts in men and for reducing HPV-related cervical cancer in women.

vaccine Gardasil

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hematuria, urinary tract infection

enlarging prostate

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diuretic medication, habit, or fluid ingestion 3 hours before bedtime; coffee and alcohol especially have a diuretic effect.

Nocturia may be caused by

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from mild heart failure or varicose veins produces nocturia because recumbency at night mobilizes fluid.

Fluid retention

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and function include antihypertensives, sedatives, tranquilizers, estrogens, and alcohol.

Depressants to sexual desire

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even more dramatically in the older person.

Alcohol decreases the sexual response

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Collect a urine screen

screen for gonorrhea and chlamydia by

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Some cheesy smegma may have collected under the foreskin.

stuff normally seen under the foreskin

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foreskin

prepuce

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—Narrowed opening of prepuce so cannot retract the foreskin.

Phimosis

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—Painful constriction of glans by retracted foreskin.

Paraphimosis

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—Ventral location of meatus

Hypospadias

—Dorsal location of meatus

Epispadias

Edges that are red, everted, edematous, along with purulent discharge, suggest -occurs with gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infection.

urethritis

. Normally it feels smooth, semifirm, and nontender.

shaft of penis feels like

Asymmetry is normal, with the left scrotal half usually lower than the right.

scrotal difference bw left and right

commonly found sebaceous cysts. These are yellowish, 1-cm nodules and are firm, nontender, and often multiple.

sac of penis (sebaceous cysts normally found)

oval, firm and rubbery, smooth, and equal bilaterally and are freely movable and slightly tender to moderate pressure.

Testes normally feel

discrete, softer than the testis, smooth, and nontender.

Each epididymis normally feels

—May be a temporary migration or true cryptorchidism (1 or both

Absent testis

—Small and soft.

Atrophied testes

scrotum- enlargment of veins within scrotum

varicocele

hernia, tumor, orchitis, epididymitis, hydrocele, spermatocele, varicocele

Abnormalities in the scrotum:

and shows as a red glow (e.g., hydrocele or spermatocele)

Serous fluid does transilluminate

(e.g., hernia, epididymitis, or tumor)

Solid tissue and blood do not transilluminate

palpating for hernia

acronym NAVEL (Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty space, Lymphatics)

check for testicular cancer | -often bw 15&35 yrs

Self-Care—Testicular Self-Examination (TSE)

isolated node on occasion; it then feels small (<1 cm), soft, discrete, and movable

normal node description

a color of pale yellow to amber caused by the presence of urochrome pigments.

urinalysis shows

ph range of 4.5 to 8.0

Normal urine is clear and slightly acidic with a pH range

from very dilute at 1.003 to concentrated at 1.030. -There is little or no protein, no glucose, and fewer than 5 red blood cells (RBCs) or white blood cells (WBCs) per high-powered field in the microscope.

Specific gravity measures the concentration of urine,

presence of WBCs, bacteria, casts. Certain drugs or foods can change urine color

cloudiness suggests presence

glomerular disease in the nephron.

Proteinuria indicates

hyperglycemia occurring with diabetes.

Glycosuria suggests

occur with UTI; increased RBCs occur with UTI, glomerulonephritis, renal calculi, trauma, and cancer.

Increased WBCs , RBC

glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Creatinine measures

is the product of filtration pressure in the glomeruli, normally 125 mL/min - When the GFR decreases by half, the serum creatinine level doubles, indicating decreased kidney function. - BUN rises with decreased kidney function but is less specific.

GFR

may indicate a stricture or neurogenic bladder.

Poor stream is significant because it may indicate

—The foreskin cannot be slipped forward once it is retracted.

Paraphimosis

Size varies with ambient temperature, but overall the infant's scrotum looks large in relation to the penis.

infant's scrotum looks large in relation to the penis. | -temp affects

is strong in the infant, pulling the testes up into the inguinal canal and abdomen from exposure to cold, touch, exercise, or emotion.

cremasteric reflex in infant

—Undescended testes (those that have never descended). - Undescended testes are common in premature infants. - descended by 3 months of age.

Cryptorchidism

are common because of the strength of the cremasteric reflex and the small mass of the prepubertal testes.

Migratory testes (physiologic cryptorchidism)

is atrophic) and that the testis can be milked down.

(with true cryptorchidism, the scrotum is? (infants)

is a cystic collection of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis, surrounding the testis. -common scrotal finding in the boy younger than 2 years is a hydrocele, or fluid in the scrotum. It appears as a large scrotum and transilluminates as a faint pink glow. It usually disappears spontaneously.

hydrocele (common in boys under 2 yrs)// fluid in the scrotum

, note: (1) enlargement of the testes and scrotum, (2) pubic hair growth, (3) darkening of scrotal color, (4) roughening of scrotal skin, (5) increase in penis length and width, and (6) axillary hair growth.

Using the SMR charts (adolescents development genitals)

(testosterone deficiency) occurs in 40% of men after age 45 years and may present as depression, fatigue, loss of muscle mass or strength, or decreased libido, although these symptoms occur also with obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome.11

Male hypogonadism

you may note thinner, graying pubic hair and the decreased size of the penis. The size of the testes may be decreased and may feel less firm. The scrotal sac is pendulous with less rugae. The scrotal skin may become excoriated if the man continually sits on it.

older adult male (genital alterations)

caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are one of the most common STIs. - vaccine Gardasil

Genital Warts