chapter 28 infection Flashcards
swelling, redness, heat, pain or tenderness, and loss of function in the affected body part indicate?
Signs of localized inflammation
fever, malaise, and
anorexia, as well as enlarged lymph nodes and increased white blood cells indicate?
Systemic signs of inflammation
Chest pain, shortness of breath, and nausea and
vomiting are signs and symptoms of a
cardiac alteration.
Dizziness and disorientation to time, date, and place may indicate a
neurological alteration
Turning, coughing, and deep breathing are utilized for postoperative patients and for immobilized
patients to help prevent an infectious process such as
fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and malaise; be alert for changes in the patient’s level of activity and responsiveness.
pneumonia (systemic infection symptoms)
Resting the affected injured area, using
ice as ordered, wrapping the area to provide support—particularly if it is an extremity—and elevating the injured area will help to
decrease swelling or edema
reduce localized inflammation
Salmonella, Clostridium tetani, and
Aspergillus
exogenous infection
occurs when part of the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results (e.g., staphylococci,
enterococci, yeasts, and streptococci).
Endogenous infection (occurs when broad-spectrum antibiotics)
develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms, not just those
causing infection.
suprainfection
to insert a urinary catheter would place the patient at risk for a health care–associatedinfection. Urinary catheters need to be inserted using ? technique, which is also referred to as surgical asepsis, also suctioning
medical asepsis, aka sterile technique
diseases that are transmitted by large droplets.
Droplet precautions
apply to contact with blood, body fluid, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes of all patients
Standard precautions
precautions apply to individuals with infections that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact.
contact
contact only need gown and mask
same equipment utilised for that pt
C. difficile
airborne (droplet)
private negative–air pressure room
gloves, gown, and eyewear.
transmitted by droplets requiring airborne precautions
Tuberculosis
contact
MRSA
is not a communicable disease—a disease that is transmitted directly from one individual to the
next, so there is no need for isolation
Pneumonia
most commonly transmitted by contaminated needles
hepatitis B and C
spread by droplets when one is within 3 feet of the patient.
Diphtheria
removal the personal protective equipment, beginning with the first step
remove gloves, remove eyewear, remove gown, remove mask, perform hand hygiene, leave room and close
doors, and dispose of all contaminated supplies and equipment in a manner that prevents the spread of microorganisms
infection chain order
infectious agenta, reservoir and portal of exit, a mode of
transmission, a portal of entry, and a susceptible host.
a specialized room with positive airflow.
The airflow rate is set at greater than 12 air
exchanges/hour, and all air is filtered through a HEPA filter
Take the opportunity to listen to a patient’s concerns or interests. Open drapes or shades a
protective environment (transplant or genetic therapy pt)
determine the risk of infection
handwashing, risk of infection, recent travel, and signs and symptoms of infection is important in evaluating the
patient’s knowledge based on infection control strategies