Tick Borne Diseases in Horses Flashcards
what is Borrelia burgdorferi?
gram negative spirochete
helical shaped
what is the vector of Borrelia burgdorferi?
Ixodes scapularis
what maintains the life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi?
deer
white-footed mouse
what signs are documented with B. burgforferi in horses?
neuroborreliosis
uveitis
pseudolymphoma
what does lyme multiplex assay detect?
antibodies to 3 antigens
what does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause?
necrotizing vasculitis
what are the common clinical signs with equine granulocytic anaplasmosis?
fever, anorexia, depression
limb edema
what can be seen on clinical pathology with equine granulocytic anaplasmosis?
thrombocytopenia
neutropenia
anemia
mild hypoalbuminemia
increased globulins
what is the etiology of equine babesiosis?
Babesia caballi
Theileria equi
how long must Ixodes scapularis be attached to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi?
16-24 hours
what are common clinical signs of lyme in other species?
skin rash- erythema migrans
arthritis, joint effusion, leg shifting lameness
fever
glomerulonephritis- type 3 hypersensitivity
what serologic tests are available for lyme?
lyme multiplex assay
C6 SNAP test- not validated horses
which Osp’s are markers of infection of lyme?
OspC
OspF
OspA: marker for vaccination
which Osp is an indicator of early infection?
OspC
what can you use to treat lyme?
tetracycline IV
oral minocycline
ceftiofur sodium
what can be seen on a blood smear with Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
cytoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes- neutrophilss and eosinophils
when is Anaplasma phagocytophilum common?
late fall, winter, spring
what are some differential diagnoses for equine granulocytic anaplasmosis?
purpura hemorrhagica
liver disease
EIA
EVA
encephalitis
how can you treat equine granulocytic anaplasmosis?
supportive
normally self-limiting
IV tetracycline
oral minocycline
what is the usual vector of equine babesiosis?
dermacentor spp
what does B. caballi look like?
paried
oval, round, or elliptical
large
what does Th. equi look like?
2-4 organisms
small
maltese cross formation
how is equine babesiosis prevented?
no vaccine
restrict movement
B. caballi treated and quarantined
Th. equi denied entrance into USA
prevent introduction infected tickss