Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery > Equine Viral Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

Equine Viral Respiratory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

who is most affected by viral infections?

A

young and old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the risk factors for viral disease?

A

stocking density
lack of prior exposure
exercise?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does intense exercise affect immunity?

A

oxidative stress
changes in catecholamine release
cytokine release and activity
decreased secretion of mucosal antibodies
decreased functional activity of blood and pulmonary leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what viruses cause respiratory disease in the USA?

A

equine influenza AE2
equine herpesvirus 1, 2, 4, 5
equine rhinitis virus
equine viral arteritis
adenovirus
hendra virus- exotic disease Australia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of virus is influenza?

A

orthomyxovirus: double stranded RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is onset like of influenza?

A

sudden onset
incubation period 1-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how can you diagnose equine influenza virus?

A

serology: slow
virus isolation: slow and false positives
ELISA: fast
PCR: fast- 36 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when should you sample for virus isolation?

A

early in disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can you treat equine influenza virus?

A

rest
good nursing care
NSAIDs
monitor clinical signs for secondary bacterial pneumonia and treat as needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when should you think about a secondary bacterial infection with viral disease?

A

non-resolving fever
purulent nasal discharge
difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is antigenic drift like?

A

big changes in chunks of RNA
can jump species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two main variations of herpesviruses?

A

alpha
gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what can amplify and maintain virus reservoir of herpesvirus?

A

latent dam to foal
viral latency in foals/weanlings
periodic reactivation and shedding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the clinical presentation like of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4?

A

similar to every other respiratory virus
EHV-1 neurologic disease and abortion too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the gamma herpesviruses?

A

EHV-2
EHV-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is ERAV associated with?

A

anorexia, serous nasal discharge, laryngitis, bronchitis, coughing, lymphadenopathy

17
Q

what does hendra virus have a tropism for?

A

vascular tissue
neurologic tissue

18
Q

what type of virus is hendra virus?

A

henipah virus

19
Q

what is the pathogenesis of viral diseases?

A

acquisition
colonization
replication
viremia
produce mucosal and humoral antibodies
stimulate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and Th-1 responses

20
Q

what exercise enhances immune function?

A

moderate

21
Q

what conditions do horse transmit viruses better in?

A

dry, warm conditions

22
Q

is influenza fragile or stable?

A

fragile- enveloped

23
Q

what are the clinical signs of influenza?

A

sudden onset
incubation 1-3 days
high fever
deep dry cough
serous nasal discharge
myalgia
inappetence
enlarged submandibular lymph nodes
+/- edema of legs and scrotum

24
Q

how should you sample for equine influenza?

A

nasopharyngeal>nasal
dacron/rayon not cotton
plastic or wire end not wood
do not use bacterial transport swabs

25
Q

what in influenza makes horses more susceptible to infection?

A

epithelial necrosis

26
Q

what is genetic drift?

A

minor change: same species, one virus, new strain

27
Q

what are the alpha herpesviruses?

A

EHV-1
EHV-4

28
Q

how can you treat equine herpesvirus?

A

rest
nursing care
NSAIDs
IFN-gamma? not proven
antivirals? expensive

29
Q

what is EHV-5 associated with?

A

pulmonary fibrosis in adults
most young horses exposed
uncommon cause of disease

30
Q

what are ERAV and ERBV classified as?

A

Apthovirus- with FMB
Erbovirus

31
Q

how prevalent is ERAV?

A

endemic worldwide
so is ERBV

32
Q

how is ERAV transmitted?

A

inhalation and urine
ERBV only inhalation

33
Q

what is ERBV associated with?

A

serous nasal discharge
fever, anorexia
coughing
lymphadenitis
leg edema
lymphadenopathy

34
Q

which horses have higher titers of equine rhinitis virus and IAD?

A

recent onset or exacerbation of equine asthma

35
Q

how is hendra virus carried?

A

fruit bats
flying foxes

36
Q

what is the mortality of hendra virus?

A

horses: 75%
humans: 57%

A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions