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A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery > Preventative Care: Equine Parasites > Flashcards

Preventative Care: Equine Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

what is praziquantel effective against?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata (tapeworms)

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2
Q

which parasites are of concern now in horses?

A

cyathostomins (small strongyles)
tapeworms

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3
Q

why do adult horses require individualized attention to their parasite control needs?

A

vary greatly in their innate susceptibility to infection and level of strongyle egg shedding

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4
Q

what percentage of adult horses are usually shedding 80% of the eggs?

A

15-30%

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5
Q

how often should all adult horses be dewormed?

A

twice yearly

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6
Q

how often should horses younger than 3 years be dewormed?

A

at least 4 times a year

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7
Q

what are the main treatments for ascarids in young horses?

A

pyrantel
benzimidazoles

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8
Q

why do ascarids cause respiratory disease?

A

ascarid larval migration

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9
Q

what should you do if you are first deworming a 9-month-old weanling?

A

administer slow kill dewormer first
then give full dose

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10
Q

what can you use to deworm for cyathostomes in adult horses?

A

moxidectin
fenbendazole 5 days

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11
Q

what is the most common parasitic intestinal disease in horses?

A

cyathostomes (small strongyles)

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12
Q

what drug overdosage can cause serious adverse reactions in foals and miniature horses?

A

moxidectin (quest)

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13
Q

what is moxidectin (quest) useful for?

A

wide spectrum
encysted cyathostomes
better penetration into intestinal mucosa

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14
Q

what is the chief complaint with Strongylus vulgaris in adult horses?

A

moderate or severe colic
never dewormed

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15
Q

where do Strongylus equinus migrate?

A

liver
pancreas

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16
Q

where do Strongylus vulgaris larvae migrate?

A

arteries

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17
Q

what is the chief complaint with tapeworms in adult horses?

A

moderate or severe colic

18
Q

what is the clue with lungworms in adult horses?

A

donkey contact

19
Q

what are the main pathogenic mechanisms of lungworms in adult horses?

A

adult in lung: Dictyocaulus arnfeldi
associated inflammation

20
Q

how can you diagnose Dictyocaulus arnfeldi?

A

baermann fecal flotation
microscopic exam: fully formed larvae within egg
TTA or BAL eosinophilic inflammation

21
Q

how can summer sores in adult horses be treated?

A

moxidectin
manage sores

22
Q

what is the chief complaint with pinworms in adult horses?

A

rubbing tail and hindquarters

23
Q

how can you treat pinworms in adult horses?

A

pyrantel

24
Q

how do the avermectins (zimectrin and quest) work?

A

paralytic: increase binding of GABA to glutamate-gated chloride channels
rapid influx chloride

25
Q

what is pyrantel effective against?

A

large and small strongyles
parascaris
Oxyuris
Srongyloides
anoplocephala double dose

26
Q

what are thee chief complaints for ascarids in young horses?

A

unthrifty, rounded abdomen, poor haircoat
nasal discharge or cough

27
Q

how can you diagnose Parascaris equorum?

A

fecal flotation: large circular thick-walled eggs

28
Q

what can you use for Parascaris equorum?

A

pyrantel: strongid T
fenbendazole: panacur
not ivermectin

29
Q

what can you use for slow-kill in a young horse (first deworming)?

A

fenbendazole half dose, 72 hours apart

30
Q

what are the pathogenic mechanisms of cyathostomes in adult horses?

A

larvae encyst in colon wall
inflammation as excyst

31
Q

is there a seasonal occurence of cyathostomes?

A

yes: as move out of cysts

32
Q

how can cyathostomes be diagnosed?

A

fecal flotation: oval egg with morula

33
Q

what are the main pathogenic mechanisms with Strongylus vulgaris in adult horses?

A

adult parasite within cranial mesenteric artery
intestinal infarcts, emboli

34
Q

what are the options with Strongylus vulgaris colic?

A

resection
euthanasia

35
Q

which drugs work against Strongylus vulgaris?

A

iveremctin (zimectrin) or moxidectin (quest)
pyrantel pamoate (strongid T)
fenbendazole (panacur)

36
Q

what are the main pathogenic mechanisms of tapeworms in adult horses?

A

adult in distal ileum: Anoplocephala perfiolata
inflammation and hypertrophy wall
ileal impaction

37
Q

how can you diagnose lungworms in adult horses?

A

eosinophilic inflammation in TTA or BAL
baermann fecal flotation: oval egg with larva

38
Q

how can you treat lungworms in adult horses?

A

avermectins: ivermectin or moxidectin

39
Q

what causes summer sores?

A

Habronema spp usually
Onchocerca cervicalis masses

40
Q

what can you treat pinworms (Oxyuris equi) with?

A

pyrantel
fenbendazole
not ivermectin

A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery (47 decks)

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