Preventative Care: Equine Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

what is praziquantel effective against?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata (tapeworms)

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2
Q

which parasites are of concern now in horses?

A

cyathostomins (small strongyles)
tapeworms

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3
Q

why do adult horses require individualized attention to their parasite control needs?

A

vary greatly in their innate susceptibility to infection and level of strongyle egg shedding

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4
Q

what percentage of adult horses are usually shedding 80% of the eggs?

A

15-30%

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5
Q

how often should all adult horses be dewormed?

A

twice yearly

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6
Q

how often should horses younger than 3 years be dewormed?

A

at least 4 times a year

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7
Q

what are the main treatments for ascarids in young horses?

A

pyrantel
benzimidazoles

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8
Q

why do ascarids cause respiratory disease?

A

ascarid larval migration

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9
Q

what should you do if you are first deworming a 9-month-old weanling?

A

administer slow kill dewormer first
then give full dose

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10
Q

what can you use to deworm for cyathostomes in adult horses?

A

moxidectin
fenbendazole 5 days

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11
Q

what is the most common parasitic intestinal disease in horses?

A

cyathostomes (small strongyles)

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12
Q

what drug overdosage can cause serious adverse reactions in foals and miniature horses?

A

moxidectin (quest)

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13
Q

what is moxidectin (quest) useful for?

A

wide spectrum
encysted cyathostomes
better penetration into intestinal mucosa

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14
Q

what is the chief complaint with Strongylus vulgaris in adult horses?

A

moderate or severe colic
never dewormed

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15
Q

where do Strongylus equinus migrate?

A

liver
pancreas

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16
Q

where do Strongylus vulgaris larvae migrate?

A

arteries

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17
Q

what is the chief complaint with tapeworms in adult horses?

A

moderate or severe colic

18
Q

what is the clue with lungworms in adult horses?

A

donkey contact

19
Q

what are the main pathogenic mechanisms of lungworms in adult horses?

A

adult in lung: Dictyocaulus arnfeldi
associated inflammation

20
Q

how can you diagnose Dictyocaulus arnfeldi?

A

baermann fecal flotation
microscopic exam: fully formed larvae within egg
TTA or BAL eosinophilic inflammation

21
Q

how can summer sores in adult horses be treated?

A

moxidectin
manage sores

22
Q

what is the chief complaint with pinworms in adult horses?

A

rubbing tail and hindquarters

23
Q

how can you treat pinworms in adult horses?

24
Q

how do the avermectins (zimectrin and quest) work?

A

paralytic: increase binding of GABA to glutamate-gated chloride channels
rapid influx chloride

25
what is pyrantel effective against?
large and small strongyles parascaris Oxyuris Srongyloides anoplocephala double dose
26
what are thee chief complaints for ascarids in young horses?
unthrifty, rounded abdomen, poor haircoat nasal discharge or cough
27
how can you diagnose Parascaris equorum?
fecal flotation: large circular thick-walled eggs
28
what can you use for Parascaris equorum?
pyrantel: strongid T fenbendazole: panacur not ivermectin
29
what can you use for slow-kill in a young horse (first deworming)?
fenbendazole half dose, 72 hours apart
30
what are the pathogenic mechanisms of cyathostomes in adult horses?
larvae encyst in colon wall inflammation as excyst
31
is there a seasonal occurence of cyathostomes?
yes: as move out of cysts
32
how can cyathostomes be diagnosed?
fecal flotation: oval egg with morula
33
what are the main pathogenic mechanisms with Strongylus vulgaris in adult horses?
adult parasite within cranial mesenteric artery intestinal infarcts, emboli
34
what are the options with Strongylus vulgaris colic?
resection euthanasia
35
which drugs work against Strongylus vulgaris?
iveremctin (zimectrin) or moxidectin (quest) pyrantel pamoate (strongid T) fenbendazole (panacur)
36
what are the main pathogenic mechanisms of tapeworms in adult horses?
adult in distal ileum: Anoplocephala perfiolata inflammation and hypertrophy wall ileal impaction
37
how can you diagnose lungworms in adult horses?
eosinophilic inflammation in TTA or BAL baermann fecal flotation: oval egg with larva
38
how can you treat lungworms in adult horses?
avermectins: ivermectin or moxidectin
39
what causes summer sores?
Habronema spp usually Onchocerca cervicalis masses
40
what can you treat pinworms (Oxyuris equi) with?
pyrantel fenbendazole not ivermectin