Disorders of the Newborn Foal Part II Flashcards
what is a patent urachus?
urachal remnant remains open and urine drains out
what is conservative management of patent urachus?
topical cleansing and monitoring for infection
chemical cautery- silver nitrate, procaine penicillin
where is the most common site of bladder rupture?
dorsal bladder wall
what is seen on bloodwork with bladder rupture?
azotemia
hyperkalemia
hyponatremia
hypochloremia
metabolic acidosis
how can you diagnose bladder rupture with abdominocentesis?
creatinine in peritoneal fluid twice that of serum
what happens in neonatal isoerythrolysis?
foal red blood cells are destroyed by preformed maternal anti-red blood cell antibodies in colostrum
when do signs of neonatal isoerythrolysis develop?
2-5 days of age
what can you use for a transfusion of a foal with neonatal isoerythrolysis?
universal donor: Aa/Qa negative
mare washed RBC
what leads to meconium aspiration?
hypoxia lead to fetal stress which leads to meconium passage and gasping which leads to meconium aspiration
what are the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia in older foals?
Strep equi zooepidemicus
Rhodococcus equi
how can you treat a meconium impaction?
enema
supportive care
surgery
what is the likely cause of foal heat diarrhea?
changes in fecal microbiota
what is the drug of choice for contracted tendons?
oxytetracycline
what are some neurological congenital abnormalities of foals?
cerebellar abiotrophy
epilepsy
where does the umbilical vein come from in the foal?
liver
who is at highest risk for a patent urachus?
systemic illness
mat babies
can small umbilical hernias close without treatment?
yes
what are the signs of a bladder rupture?
straining to urinate
depression and weakness
signs of hypovolemia
when can abdominocentesis of a uroperitoneum be therapeutic?
control hyperkalemia
reduce pressure on diaphragm
how common is neonatal isoerythrolysis?
1-2% of foals
what should you do for severely affected foals with neonatal isoerythrolysis (<12%)?
restore oxygen carrying capacity: RBC transfusion
universal donor- Aa/Qa negative- or washed mare RBC
why are rib fractures in foals a problem?
can cause pneumothorax or hemothorax
what are common respiratory diseases of foals?
meconium aspiration
milk aspiration
rib fractures
bacterial pneumonia
viral infections
parasitic pneumonia
how can you diagnose milk aspiration?
auscultation of trachea whilst drinking
endoscopy of pharynx/larynx
thoracic radiographs showing alveolar pattern caudoventral lung
what does Rhodococcus equi cause?
most commonly lung abscessess
others sites: joints, uveitis, diarrhea, abdominal abscesses
what can cause diarrhea in true neonatess?
necrotizing enterocolitis
asphyxia-associated enteric dysfunction
what is rotavirus like?
large groups foals
5-35 days of age
anorexia, depression, acute profuse watery diarrhea
how do you treat lax tendons?
usually fix themselves
hoof extensions
