Colic and Colitis in Camelids

Question 1

which parts of the camelid stomach are for fermentation?

Answer 1

C1
C2

Question 2

what are clinical signs of abdominal pain like in camelids compared to horses?

Answer 2

less visible and less violent
can be more obvious, not common

Question 3

what are some medical colics in camelids?

Answer 3

C1 acidosis or dysbiosis
ulcerative gastritis
C1 distension/bloat
enteritis/colitis
feed obstruction

Question 4

what is the normal pH of C1?

Answer 4

6.4-6.8

Question 5

what is the most damaging Eimeria?

Answer 5

E. mac

Question 6

who does Cryptosporidium primarily affect?

Answer 6

<14 days old

Question 7

what is giardia?

Answer 7

flagellate parasite: contaminated water
extracellular

Question 8

what are the genotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus?

Answer 8

I and II

Question 9

what are the types of infection for non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus?

Answer 9

transient: most common
chronic
persistent

Question 10

do camelids with persistent infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus remain blood BVDV antibody negative?

Answer 10

yes: do not produce BVDV antibodies

Question 11

how can you diagnose non-cytopathic BVDV?

Answer 11

serology: identifies exposure- serum neutralizing antibodies
PCR: viral DNA

Question 12

what are the common causes of surgical colic in camelids?

Answer 12

intussusceptions
intestinal volvulus/torsions
epiploic foramen entrapment
spiral colon impaction
C1 foreign bodies
C1/intestinal obstructions
neoplasia

Question 13

what in the abdominocentesis would indicate a non-strangulating/medical colic?

Answer 13

clear colored like water
normal cells
normal to increased protein
abdominal lactate lower or same as blood

Question 14

which side of the abdomen should you perform an abdominocentesis on a camelid?

Answer 14

right side

Question 15

why is C2 infrequently seen with ultrasound?

Answer 15

obscured by liver

Question 16

what can cause C1 acidosis?

Answer 16

excessive consumption of fermentable carbohydrates in adults
bacterial fermentation of milk in C1 in crias

Question 17

where can ulcers occur?

Answer 17

C1: poorly understood
C3 and duodenum: caudal flexure or near pylorus

Question 18

what are the viral causes of enteritis/colitis?

Answer 18

bovine viral diarrhea- persistent
coronavirus
rotavirus less common

Question 19

what are the main Eimeria spp?

Answer 19

E. lamae: small coccidia
E. macusanensis
E. ivitaensis

Question 20

what Cryptosporidium spp are most important?

Answer 20

C. parvum
C. ubiquitum

Question 21

how can you treat cryptosporidium?

Answer 21

supportive care

Question 22

what type of bovine viral diarrhea virus is most important in north america?

Answer 22

non-cytopathic type 1b

Question 23

what happens in a persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus?

Answer 23

cria first exposed to BVDV during early pregnancy in naive da,
survives 3.5 years (not most)
remain blood BVDV antibody negative

Question 24

is colitis in camelids associated with diarrhea?

Answer 24

may or may not be