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Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery > Equine Colic > Flashcards

Equine Colic Flashcards

1
Q

what is colic?

A

non-specific abdominal pain

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2
Q

when should you re-evaluate a plan for surgical intervention?

A

fever
leukopenia
diarrhea

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3
Q

what are the approaches to the abdomen?

A

ventral midline
paramedian
inguinal
ventral paramedian
parainguinal
suprapubic

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4
Q

how good of exposure can be achieved with a ventral midline approach?

A

good exposure 75% of intestinal tract

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5
Q

what should you use for suturing the skin?

A

3-0 monofilament absorbable

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6
Q

what are the benefits of a simple continuous suture?

A

faster to place
equalizes tension
fewer knots

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7
Q

how can you avoid contamination during anesthetic recovery?

A

adhesive barrier dressing
stent

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8
Q

when is the linea alba healed back to full tensile strength?

A

8 weeks

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9
Q

how long does PDS take to absorb?

A

180 days

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10
Q

what can cause gastric distention?

A

anterior enteritis
small intestinal strangulation
small intestinal obstruction
outflow obstruction (rare)

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11
Q

should you go to surgery for a gastric feed impaction?

A

not usually

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12
Q

what is the prognosis of gastric feed impaction?

A

up to 50% mortality

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13
Q

what are the obstructive lesions in the small intestine?

A

ascarid impaction
ileal impaction

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14
Q

what are the physical exam findings with small intestinal strangulating lesions?

A

presence nasogastric reflux
distended small intestine on palpation
distended, amotile small intestine on ultrasound (+/- thickened walls, +/- two populations)

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15
Q

how much of the small intestine can you safely remove?

A

50%
35 feet

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16
Q

which horses usually get strangulating lipomas?

A

older horses
overweight

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17
Q

what are the borders of the epiploic foramen?

A

liver
portal vein
caudal vena cava
pancreas

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18
Q

who usually gets intussusception?

A

<3 years old

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19
Q

who usually gets inguinal hernias?

A

stallions

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20
Q

who usually presents with ascarid impaction?

A

<1 year old

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21
Q

what can happen with the cecum?

A

cecal impaction
cecal torsion
cecal tympany

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22
Q

what is type I cecal impaction like?

A

dry/impacted feed
concurrent large colon displacement/impaction
typhlotomy

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23
Q

what are the obstructive lesions in the large colon?

A

feed impaction
sand impaction
enterolithiasis

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24
Q

what is the medical management for large colon gas colic?

A

banamine
buscopan
walking
withhold food
trocarization?

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25
what can be found on rectal with large colon feed impaction?
usually impacted large colon
26
what is the medical management for large colon feed impaction?
banamine fluids mineral oil/electrolytes walking withhold/restrict food
27
when should surgery be performed on large colon feed impaction?
intractable pain progressive abdominal distension
28
what can you access through the pelvic flexure?
ventral colon dorsal colon transverse colon
29
where are large colon enteroliths common?
california florida
30
what can be felt on palpation with large colon enteroliths?
normal gas impaction of large colon
31
should you medically manage or go to surgery for large colon enteroliths?
go to surgery
32
what can be felt on rectal of large colon displacements?
malpositioning of colon +/- gas distention colon and cecum
33
is medical management or surgery a better option for large colon displacements?
usually medical management
34
what can be felt on rectal with large colon volvulus?
tight bands distended colon passing transversely across pelvic inlet
35
what are the strangulating lesions of the small colon?
lipoma volvulus
36
do small colon strangulating lesions have high complication rates?
yes
37
what can you feel on rectal with small colon impaction?
tubular impaction in small colon
38
how many horses with small colon impactions have salmonella?
25%
39
what are rectal tears from?
rectal palpation: complication parturition/dystocia breeding accident
40
what is a grade I rectal tear?
mucosa/submucosa only
41
which grades of rectal tears should be referred to a surgical facility?
grade III and IV
42
what can rectal prolapse be secondary to?
diarrhea repeated rectal examinations small colon obstruction rectal tears
43
which pathologies of the GI tract can be either medical or surgical?
displacements obstructive ingesta
44
what are the AAEP standards for euthanasia?
horse should not have to endure continuous or unmangageable pain from a condition that is chronic and incurable horse should not have to endure medical or surgical condition with hopeless chance of survival
45
what is there limited access to through a ventral midline approach?
stomach duodenum distal ileum base of cecum distal right dorsal colon transverse colon terminal small colon
46
how long does vicryl take to absorb?
60 days 50% at day 21
47
what can cause colic from the stomach?
gastric distension gastric food impaction gastric ulceration
48
how can you treat gastric feed impaction?
IV fluids gastric lavage diet coke no surgery
49
what are the causes of strangulating lesions of the small intestine?
lipoma volvulus epiploic foramen entrapment incarceration in mesenteric rent inguinal hernia intussusception
50
what are colic signs with small intestinal strangulating lesions?
acute and severe
51
what does abdominocentesis yield with small intestinal strangulating lesions?
serosanguinous
52
what does treatment of small intestinal strangulating lesions often entail?
surgery with resection/anastomosis no medical management
53
what does a horse with epiploic foramen entrapment often have a history of?
cribbing
54
can intussusception be acute or chronic?
yes
55
can you have normal abdominocentesis with an intussusception?
yes
56
how is the long term prognosis for small intestinal ascarid impaction?
poor
57
what are the clinical signs with cecal impaction?
insidious onset small piles small manure balls distended cecum on palpation
58
how is cecal impaction treated?
medical: only for mild surgery: typhlotomy, +/- cecal bypass
59
what is type II cecal impaction like?
soft/fluid contents motility disorder cecal bypass
60
how does large colon gas colic present?
acute onset mild-marked pain marked gas distension large colon pings
61
is large colon gas colic usually treated with surgery or medical management?
medical management
62
how does large colon feed impaction present?
gradual onset pain- up to moderate decreased manure output "normal" after banamine impacted large colon on rectal
63
where can a large colon feed impaction happen?
pelvic flexure right dorsal colon transverse colon
64
how does a large colon sand impaction present?
chronic/low grade colic signs decreased manure impaction on palpation mineral density on radiographs
65
how can you treat large colon sand impaction?
usually medical: banamine, fluids, psyllium, walking, no food surgery if severe: enterotomy
66
how does a large colon displacement present?
acute onset mild-marked many permutations
67
how can you identify left dorsal displacement for large colon displacement?
cannot visualizer kidney adjacent to spleen
68
what does a large colon volvulus present like?
acute severe colic, intractable pain endotoxic palpation findings serosanguinous abdominocentesis
69
what does a small colon strangulating lesion present like?
acute severe colic signs serosanguinous abdominocentesis maybe findings on ultrasound and palpation
70
why is there a high rate of complications with small colon strangulating lesions?
fatty mesentery vascular pattern dry ingesta very muscular small lumen diameter collagenase producing bacteria
71
what does a small colon impaction present like?
gradual onset mild-moderate decreased manure output palpate tubular impaction in small colon
72
what might be done in surgery for a small colon impaction?
intraluminal lavage
73
what does a small colon enterolithiasis present like?
acute onset moderate-marked no manure gas distention large and small colon
74
what should you do for small colon enteroliths?
surgery
75
what should you do for grades III and IV rectal tears?
antibiotics laxatives analgesics tetanus booster IV fluids rectal packing refer to surgery
76
what is a type IV rectal prolapse?
rectum and small colon intussuscept through anus

Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery (56 decks)

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