Foundation Equine Upper Airway Flashcards
where is the greatest flow resistance?
nasal passages
larynx
what is airway resistance mainly determined by?
airway diameter
what is the pharynx composed of?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
what is the havemeyer grading scale for?
upper airway function: arytenoid and larynx movement
how common is dorsal displacement of the soft palate?
10-20% of 2-3 year old racehorses
what is the best surgical treatment for dorsal displacement of the soft palate?
correct anatomical abnormalities and tie-forward with partial bilateral resection of sternothyroideus tendon/muscle
what is staphylectomy?
partial soft palate resection
what is a standard myectomy?
partial transection of sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus
what is the goal of a laryngeal tie-forward?
replace action of thyroideus muscle by sutures placed between thyroid cartilage and basihyoid bone
what is the epiglottis entrapped in with epiglottic entrapment?
aryepiglottic fold
what are the clinical signs of epiglottic entrapment?
exercise intolerance
inspiratory noise
what happens in recurrent laryngeal neuropathy?
muscle paralysis from progressive loss of large myelinated axons
what are the clinical signs of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy?
inspiratory noise
exercise intolerance
what is the most common etiology of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy?
unknown
which head positions increase inspiratory impedance?
flexed head and neck positions