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A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery > Equine Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Equine Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

what is the conchofrontal sinus?

A

extensive communication between frontal and dorsal conchal sinuses

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2
Q

what sinus increases in volume as a horse ages?

A

maxillary sinus

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3
Q

what are the communications of the maxillary sinus?

A

ventral conchal sinus
middle nasal meatus

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4
Q

what does the bulla of the maxillary septum do?

A

extends dorsally into nasomaxillary opening to create separate openings into the nasal passage of each compartment

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5
Q

where are the sphenopalatine sinuses?

A

ventral to calvarium

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6
Q

what do the sphenopalatine sinuses communicate with?

A

caudal maxillary sinus

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7
Q

what is difficult about radiography for sinus disease?

A

superimposition of complex anatomy

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8
Q

what are the indications for sinocentesis?

A

diagnostic: sample sinuses
therapeutic: lavage

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9
Q

what does nasal endoscopy facilitate?

A

evaluation of source of nasal discharge

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10
Q

where can you make a trephination site for sinoscopy?

A

conchofrontal
caudal maxillary
rostral maxillary

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11
Q

what does increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in nuclear scintigraphy indicate?

A

active bone remodeling

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12
Q

what is the gold standard for evaluation of the equine skull?

A

computed tomography

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13
Q

what is the most versatile approach for trephination?

A

frontal

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14
Q

what can you access through trephination through the frontal sinus?

A

conchofrontal sinus
caudal maxillary sinus
rostral maxillary sinus
ventral conchal sinus

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15
Q

who should you avoid trephination through the rostral maxillary sinus in?

A

horses <6 years of age

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16
Q

what are the options for patient restraint with sinusotomy/bone flap?

A

standing with sedation and local anesthesia: decreased hemorrhage
general anesthesia: decreased movement, but increased hemorrhage

17
Q

what are the complications of a surgical approach?

A

hemorrhage
bone flap complications
persistent/recurrent sinusitis
surgical site infection
cosmesis

18
Q

what is the most commonly encountered disease of the paranasal sinuses?

A

sinusitis

19
Q

what dental conditions can cause maxillary sinusitis?

A

anything affecting triadan 108/208, 109/209, 110/210, 111/211
periapical infection
fractured teeth
supernumerary teeth

20
Q

what are paranasal sinus cysts typically filled with?

A

yellow, viscous fluid
can become infected

21
Q

what is the prognosis of paranasal sinus cysts?

A

excellent with complete removal

22
Q

what causes ethmoid hematomas?

A

hemorrhage in submucosa: mucosa stretches and thickens

23
Q

what is the treatment of an ethmoid hematoma?

A

remove mass
destroy tissue origin

24
Q

what are the communications of the frontal sinus?

A

caudal maxillary sinus via frontomaxillary opening
dorsal conchal sinus: conchofrontal sinus

25
Q

what does the rostral component of the dorsal conchal sinus contain?

A

dorsal conchal bulla: air-filled bulla

26
Q

what does the rostral component of the ventral conchal sinus contain?

A

ventral conchal bulla

27
Q

what are the communications of the ventral conchal sinus?

A

caudal: rostral maxillary sinus over infraorbital canal

28
Q

where is the middle/ethmoidal conchal sinus located?

A

greater ethmo-turbinate

29
Q

what divides the maxillary sinus into the rostral and caudal components?

A

bony septum

30
Q

what tooth roots does the rostral component of the maxillary sinus contain?

A

1st molar (109/209)

31
Q

what does the rostral components of the maxillary sinus communicate with?

A

ventral conchal sinus of infraorbital canal
middle nasal meatus via nasomaxillary opening

32
Q

what is the technique for sinocentesis?

A

sedation and local anesthesia
minimally invasive
trephination

33
Q

what can you examine with nasal endoscopy?

A

nasal passages
nasomaxillary opening
ethmoid turbinates

34
Q

where can you access through fenestration of the bulla of the maxillary septum?

A

rostral maxillary sinus
ventral conchal sinus

35
Q

how can you recognize sinus disease with nuclear scintigraphy?

A

diffuse, patchy that outlines the affected sinuses

36
Q

what does CT guide?

A

decision making for surgery vs medical management
surgical approach

37
Q

what are the landmarks for trephination to the caudal maxillary sinus?

A

2cm rostral to medial canthus of eye
2cm ventral to medial canthus of eye

38
Q

what is primary sinusitis?

A

extension of upper respiratory infection to sinus inflammation

39
Q

what is the preferred way to perform a dental extraction?

A

oral: decreases iatrogenic trauma

A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery (46 decks)

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