Equine Urogenital Surgery Flashcards
what are the conditions of the bladder?
urolithiasis
neoplasia
bladder prolapse in mares
foals: bladder rupture or patent urachus
what are cystoliths?
sphere-shaped stones with speculated or smooth surface
who are urolithiasis more common in?
male horses due to urethra diameter
what are the common clinical signs of urolithiasis?
hematuria after exercise
stranguria in males
stranguria and incontinence in mares
what are the treatment options for geldings with urolithiasis?
perineal urethrotomy
cystotomy
what are the complications of urolithiasis surgery?
septic peritonitis
dehiscence of the bladder
incisional infection
how can you use diet to manage urolithiasis?
avoid legume hays and calcium containing supplements
add salt to diet to increase water intake
when is castration usually performed?
between 1 and 2 years of age
how large should the internal inguinal ring be for castration?
two fingers width or less
what are the options for castration instruments?
serra emasculator
reimer emasculator
san emasculator
henderson emasculator
what can you sedate with for standing castration?
alpha 2 agonists: xylazine, detomidine
+/- butorphanol
is it preferred to perform open or closed castration?
closed
what should you give for a field castration after?
tetanus booster
antimicrobial therapy
NSAIDs
what are the complications of castration?
edema
hemorrhage
omentum prolapse
evisceration
septic funiculitis
continued masculine behavior
where is the testicle in inguinal cryptorchidism?
within inguinal canal