Equine Vaccinations Flashcards
what is the ventral border for an intramuscular injection in the neck?
cervical vertebra
what is the dorsal border for an intramuscular injection in the neck?
nuchal ligament
where can you give an intramuscular injection in a horse?
neck
pectoral
semitendinosus and semimembranosus
what are some common adverse vaccine reactions?
local muscle swelling and soreness
transient, self-limiting signs: fever, anorexia, lethargy
what does anaphylaxis look like in a horse?
almost immediate
severe respiratory distress, sudden onset diarrhea, excessive drooling, shock, seizures, coma, death
how can you treat anaphylaxis?
epinephrine 3-5 ml/450kg horse IM
steroids
is rabies a core vaccine?
yes
what type of vaccine is rabies?
killed vaccine
what three diseases are mosquito-borne and are core vaccines?
eastern and western equine encephalitis
west nile virus
when should you boost pregnant mares for eastern and western encephalitis and west nile virus?
4-6 weeks prior to foaling
is Clostridium tetani contagious?
no
when should you vaccinate adults for tetanus?
booster annually
what is the tetanus vaccine?
formalin-inactivated, adjuvanted toxoids
which horses are more at risk for equine herpesvirus?
intermingling horses
broodmares
young horses
can equine herpesvirus go latent?
yes: result in asymptomatic carriers
which form of equine herpesvirus is not on a vaccine label?
neurologic form
how should you vaccinate pregnant mares for equine herpesvirus (rhinopneumonitis)?
vaccinate 5, 7, 9 months gestation using inactivated EHV-1 licensed for prevention of abortion
what causes strangles?
Streptococcus equi subsp equi
which horses are at risk for strangles?
premises with history and intermingling of horses
which horses should you not give modified live strangles vaccine to?
broodmares
if serum antibody titer >1:3200
how fatal is Clostridium botulinum?
80-100%
what are the three routes of Clostridium botulinum?
wound botulism
shaker foal syndrome
forage poisoning
when should pregnant mares be vaccinated for botulism?
4-6 weeks prior to foaling
what causes potomac horse fever?
Neorickettsia risticii
gram negative obligate intracellular bacteria