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A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery > Camelid Production, Medicine, and Surgery > Flashcards

Camelid Production, Medicine, and Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

do camelids or ruminants have slower gastrointestinal transit time?

A

camelids

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2
Q

when does a camelid grumble?

A

when a feeding animal is approached too closely by another

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3
Q

when do camelids screech?

A

usually when males fight

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4
Q

what is the normal position of a camelid tail?

A

tail down flush with rump

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5
Q

what is the most common offensive behavior of camelids?

A

spitting

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6
Q

what is the normal temperature of llamas/alpacas?

A

99.5-102

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7
Q

what is the normal heart rate range for llamas/alpacas?

A

60-90 beats/minute

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8
Q

where can you perform cardiac auscultation?

A

left 3-5 intercostal space

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9
Q

where can you listen to the C1 compartment of the stomach?

A

left side
cranial to stifle on fiber-free abdominal area

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10
Q

where is a microchip in an alpaca/llama?

A

base of left ear

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11
Q

which side should you place an IV catheter in a camelid in?

A

right side to avoid esophagus

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12
Q

what is the most important core vaccine for camelids?

A

Clostridium perfringens types C and D
Clostridium tetani

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13
Q

what are the elective vaccinations in camelids?

A

rabies
west nile virus
leptospira
equine herpesvirus and influenza
E. coli

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14
Q

when do fighting teeth erupt?

A

18-24 months

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15
Q

what should you trim when trimming nails?

A

trim ends like a dog
trim ventral nail horizontal to pads

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16
Q

when is continuous growth possible in incisors?

A

if not flush with dental pad

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17
Q

what is Mycoplasma haemolamae?

A

small bacteria that lack cell walls
cause anemia

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18
Q

how does Mycoplasma haemolamae cause anemia?

A

likely immune mediated process in response to attachment and deformation of red blood cells

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19
Q

is Mycoplasma haemolamae found in healthy animals?

A

yes: immune-suppressed, debilitated, or stressed animals are sick

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20
Q

how can Mycoplasma haemolamae be treated?

A

oxytetracycline: three dose options:
noromycin
LA 200

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21
Q

what worm can cause anemia in camelids?

A

Haemonchus contortus

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22
Q

can camelids get red maple leaf toxicity?

A

yes

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23
Q

how many animals in a herd should you test for parasites?

A

if <10 animals, test them all
10% if >10 animals

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24
Q

what are benzimidazoles useful against?

A

trichuris
nematodirus
monezia

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25
Q

what is the dose of antiparasitics for camelids?

A

1.5-2x the cattle or sheep dosage

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26
Q

where are skin lesions likely with Sarcoptic mange?

A

between toes
medial thighs
ventral abdomen
chest
perineum of female
prepuce of male

27
Q

what does Chorioptic mange do?

A

feed on skin debris around anus to vulva, on tips of ears, between digits
mostly subclinical

28
Q

what is Anaplasma phagocytophila?

A

tick borne obligate intracellular parasite

29
Q

what does Eimeria macusaniensis do?

A

devastates small intestine and ileum

30
Q

who is usually impacted by Eimeria macusaniensis?

A

stressed adults or crias
traveling- stressed
immunosuppressed, naive, concurrent disease, overwhelming infection

31
Q

what clinical signs can be seen with acute disease from Eimeria macusaniensis?

A

obtunded
recumbent
tachycardia
hypothermia
anorexic
colic
diarrhea
death

32
Q

what are the causes of death with Eimeria macusaniensis?

A

sepsis
hepatic lipidosis
seizures
cachexia

33
Q

what are some categories for mandibular swelling?

A

trauma
infectious
neoplastic
other

34
Q

why does a camelid snort?

A

mild aggression

35
Q

why is the safest place to stand while handling by the shoulder?

A

they can cow kick for offensive behavior

36
Q

what is the normal respiratory rate?

A

10-30 breathes/min

37
Q

what is the ideal body condition score?

A

2.5-3.5

38
Q

what is normal to hear on cardiac auscultation?

A

sinus arrhythmia
3rd heart sounds

39
Q

what is normal gastric motility?

A

3-5/minute

40
Q

what are C1 sounds associated with?

A

gas/liquid churning

41
Q

where can you best hear flow through C3 (abomasum)?

A

right ventral midline

42
Q

how is a catheter placed?

A

break through skin with 14 ga needle or stab incision
place 16 ga catheter in same hole, advance only when animal quiet, can use extension with flush

43
Q

when are they vaccinated for clostridium CD/T?

A

if unvaccinated hembras: 2-3 days, 2-3 weeks
hembras: vaccinate while pregnant: 8 weeks and booster
annual: pre-breeding or 2 months prior to birthing

44
Q

when are they vaccinated for clostridium 7 or 8 way?

A

weaning: 4-6 months
yearlings: 12 months
pre-breeding: 18-24 months
pre-breeding or 2 months prior to birthing

45
Q

how many fighting teeth do they have?

A

6

46
Q

when should you start trimming fighting teeth?

A

3 years old

47
Q

how should you trim incisors?

A

to level of dental pad
with rotary cutting tool or gigli wire

48
Q

what can cause anemia?

A

iron deficiency
Mycoplasma haemolama
heinz body anemia
Haemonchus contortus
neoplasia/myelodysplastic syndromes
unexplained or chronic inflammation

49
Q

what is normal PCV?

A

25-45%

50
Q

what does anemia due to iron deficiency look like?

A

microcytic
hypochromic
serum iron low

51
Q

how often should a fecal exam be performed?

A

quarterly
centrifugation

52
Q

are macrocyclic lactones as effective as benzimidazoles?

A

no

53
Q

what can you not give for deworming if <45 days pregnant?

A

albendazole

54
Q

what can you treat sarcoptic mange with?

A

dectomax
topical amitraz

55
Q

what are the two presentations of Eimeria macusaniensis?

A

acute
chronic

56
Q

how can Eimeria macusaniensis be diagnosed?

A

fecal float and wet mount
surgical biopsy
labwork nonspecific

57
Q

how can Eimeria macusaniensis be prevented?

A

pasture cleanliness
isolation pen for show animals and outside breeders
fecal surveillance
keep crias from mature adults

58
Q

which teeth are most affected by tooth root abscesses?

A

premolars
molars

59
Q

what are the common surgeries and diagnostic procedures?

A

castration
abdominocentesis
cerebrospinal fluid tap

60
Q

when is castration performed?

A

18-24 months, after reached skeletal height maturity

61
Q

why is castration at an early age not recommended?

A

delays closure of long-bone physes

62
Q

what should you give for pain control after castration?

A

flunixin meglumine
meolxicam

63
Q

where is abdominocentesis performed?

A

right side of abdomen

A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery (46 decks)

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