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A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery > Fetlock Injury > Flashcards

Fetlock Injury Flashcards

1
Q

which joint has the largest range of motion of any of the limb joints?

A

fetlock joint

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2
Q

how much does fatigue increase the maximum extension angle?

A

4-11 degrees which is 7-15% of normal

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3
Q

how common are osteochondral/chip fractures of dorsal P1?

A

most common “chip fracture” in any joint of racing thoroughbreds

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4
Q

are dorsal frontal fractures of P1 more common in the metacarpal or metatarsal joint?

A

metatarsal joint

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5
Q

what is the prognosis of a dorsal frontal fracture of P1?

A

typically good
dictated by degree of concurrent osteoarthritis

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6
Q

what are the clinical signs of a non-comminuted mid-sagittal fracture of P1?

A

acute onset of moderate to severe lameness
marked joint effusion
pain upon firm palpation dorsal P1

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7
Q

how long should a horse be rested for a non-comminuted mid-sagittal fracture of P1?

A

4 months

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8
Q

what are fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones typically due to?

A

overloading

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9
Q

how can non-articular, minimally displaced fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones often be treated?

A

rest for 4-6 months

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10
Q

what is the history with condylar fractures?

A

acute onset of severe lameness during or shortly after a race or high speed training

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11
Q

what is the prognosis of displaced condylar fractures?

A

guarded to poor

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12
Q

what are the clinical signs of an osteochondral/chip fracture of dorsal P1?

A

joint effusion
lameness variable up to moderate
positive to lower limb flexion

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13
Q

what is the medical treatment option for an osteochondral/chip fracture of dorsal P1?

A

intraarticular therapy

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14
Q

what is the prognosis of osteochondral/chip fracture of dorsal P1?

A

very good to excellent
depends on degree of pre-existing articular damage

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15
Q

how are dorsal frontal fracture of P1 classified?

A

incomplete or complete: displaced or not

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16
Q

do standardbred trotters or pacers get dorsal frontal fractures of P1 more?

A

trotters

17
Q

what are the clinical signs with a dorsal frontal fracture of P1?

A

more lame than with chip fracture of P1
joint effusion

18
Q

what is the medical treatment for a dorsal frontal fracture of P1?

A

rest
intraarticular hyaluronan therapy, no corticosteroids during healing process

19
Q

what is the prognosis of a dorsal frontal fracture of P1 if the fracture is displaced and left in to heal in that position?

A

guarded to poor because of degree of osteoarthritis that will develop

20
Q

what are the types of non-comminuted mid-sagittal fractures of P1?

A

short incomplete: <30 mm
long incomplete
complete

21
Q

what is contraindicated in diganosis of a non-comminuted mid-sagittal fracture of P1?

A

diagnostic anesthesia

22
Q

what is the surgical treatment for a non-comminuted mid-sagittal fracture of P1?

A

interfragmentary compression using cortical screws in lag fashion
post-operative convalescent period of 4-6 months

23
Q

what is the prognosis of a non-comminuted mid-sagittal fracture of P1?

A

very good if short fracture without concurrent pathology/osteoarthritis
guarded for complete, depends on degree of osteoarthritis

24
Q

what is the onset like of clinical signs with a proximal sesamoid bone fracture?

A

acute onset of relatively severe lameness

25
Q

what is often the limiting factor in terms of prognosis for fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones?

A

concurrent suspensory desmitis

26
Q

what are mid-body fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones like?

A

very serious, career limiting
guarded prognosis for high performance activities
convalescence up to 10-12 months

27
Q

fragments >__________________ or that extends to the palmar/plantar aspect of the bone carry a much less favorable prognosis in fracture of the proximal sesamoid bones

A

3 mm in width

28
Q

what should be done about articular fracture of the proximal sesamoid bones?

A

removal via arthroscopy or arthrotomy

29
Q

what are axial/sagittal fractures of thee proximal sesamoid bones almost always associated with?

A

lateral condylar fracture of metacarpal/tarsal III
if so: very poor prognosis for soundness

30
Q

what are the types of condylar fractures?

A

incomplete lateral condylar fracture
complete non-displaced lateral condylar fracture
complete displaced lateral condylar fracture
medial condylar fracture

31
Q

which condylar fractures can be managed conservatively?

A

short incomplete lateral condylar fractures

32
Q

what is the prognosis of complete lateral condylar fractures?

A

non-displaced: good to guarded
displaced: guarded to poor

33
Q

what is the prognosis of medial condylar fractures?

A

25-40% fail catastrophically
healed: 68% return to racing

A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery (56 decks)

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