Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery > Gastrointestinal Disease of the Horse Part III > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Disease of the Horse Part III Flashcards

1
Q

what is colitis?

A

inflammatory condition involving the large colon
disruption of normal fluid and electrolyte secretion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the most prominent sign of colitis?

A

diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the risk factors for salmonella?

A

antimicrobial administration
gastrointestinal disease
transportation
high density confinement
high intensity training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the clinical signs of salmonella?

A

fever
lethargy
diarrhea
abdominal discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the treatment of salmonella?

A

mostly supportive
antibiotics if evidence of sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when are clinical signs usually seen with coronavirus?

A

2-8 days after infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how long may horses with coronavirus continue to shed virus?

A

several weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what causes potomac horse fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is potomac horse fever carried by?

A

aquatic snails
water insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what percentage of horses with potomac horse fever get laminitis?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is Clostridium difficile treated?

A

metronidazole
fecal microbiota transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can blister beetles be incorporated into?

A

baled alfalfa hay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the pathogenesis of right dorsal colitis?

A

unknown
inhibition of prostaglandin E production
hypoxic ischemic mucosal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the drug of choice for potomac horse fever?

A

oxytetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

disruption of the microbial balance of the gut for any reason may result in colitis due to ____________________

A

colonic dysbiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when does foal heat diarrhea often occur?

A

10 days of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are affected foals with foal heat diarrhea like?

A

BAR
afebrile
continue to nurse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the pathogenesis of foal heat diarrhea?

A

alterations in foal’s intestinal microbial flora
diet changes as foal begins to eat hay and grain
not associated with hormonal changes in mare or changes to milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in which foals does rotavirus cause disease?

A

<4 weeks of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is Strongyloidess westeri shed to a foal?

A

through mare’s milk to foal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

are systemic antibiotics indicated in foals with acute colitis?

A

often: treat bacteremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does Lawsonia intracellularis cause?

A

proliferative enteritis
most common in ileum

23
Q

what is the predominant sign of eosinophilic enterocolitis?

A

colic

24
Q

how can you diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?

A

ultrasound examination
endoscopic/rectal biopsies
absorption test

25
Q

what is the most common gastrointestinal neoplasm?

A

lymphoma

26
Q

has lymphoma been associated with viral etiology in horses?

A

no

27
Q

what are the potential complications of colitis?

A

laminitis
multi-organ dysfunction, coagulopathy
peripheral edema

28
Q

what is incidence like of salmonella in non-hospital settings?

A

low

29
Q

how can you diagnose salmonella?

A

5 separate cultures of feces for salmonella
PCR, 3 samples

30
Q

what are the clinical signs of coronavirus?

A

anorexia, lethargy, high fever most common
colic, diarrhea
necrotizing enteritis possible

31
Q

what are the risk factors for potomac horse fever?

A

aquatic environments
summer months

32
Q

what carries potomac horse fever?

A

aquatic snails
water insects

33
Q

what are the clinical signs of potomac horse fever?

A

fever
anorexia
depression
diarrhea
laminitis 25%

34
Q

is there vaccine available for potomac horse fever?

A

yes- killed

35
Q

what is Clostridium difficile associated with?

A

acute colitis, especially in hospitalized horses
relationship to antibiotic treatment

36
Q

how can you diagnose Clostridium difficile?

A

quantitative culture
PCR toxigenic isolates in feces
ELISA for toxin A and/or B

37
Q

what is the lethal dose of cantharidin?

A

<1mg/kg
6-8 beetles

38
Q

what does cantharidin cause?

A

ulceration of GI, cystitis, nephrosis, myocarditis
hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, azotemia

39
Q

do measures levels of cantharidin correlate with disease severity?

A

no

40
Q

what is right dorsal colitis associated with?

A

NSAID administration
phenylbutazone

41
Q

how can you counteract the effects of endotoxemia?

A

anti-endotoxic doses banamine, polymixin, endoserum
anti-diarrheal medication
prevent sequelae/complications

42
Q

what types of Clostridium usually do not cause clinical signs in foals?

A

Clostridium perfringens types A and C

43
Q

what does rotavirus do?

A

destroys absorptivee villous epithelial cells: malabsorption
secretory function due to hyperplasia crypt cells- compensatory

44
Q

how common is Cryptosporidium parvum in horses?

A

rare
immune deficiency

45
Q

how can you treat acute colitis in foals?

A

systemic antibiotics
fecal microbiota transplantation
lactaid in lactase deficiency
goal directed fluid therapy
vasopressors if needed

46
Q

who is Lawsonia intracellularis usually seen in?

A

weanlings

47
Q

what are the clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

significant hypoproteinemia
anorexia
weight loss
lethargy
fever

48
Q

how can you treat Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

clarithromycin and rifampin
doxycycline
chloramphenicol

49
Q

what are the three types of inflammatory bowel disease?

A

granulomatous enteritis
lymphocytic/plasmocytic enteritis
eosinophilic enterocolitis

50
Q

what is the predominant sign in IBD eosinophilic enterocolitis?

A

colic

51
Q

what is seen in histopathology with IBD eosinophilic enterocolitis?

A

circumferential mural bands of fibrous tissue

52
Q

when is the prognosis poor with inflammatory bowel disease?

A

if not responsive to glucocorticoids

53
Q

who does lymphoma typically occur in?

A

<5 years old

54
Q

what is survival with lymphoma?

A

<6months even with treatment usually

A. Equine and Camelid Medicine and Surgery (56 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions