Gastrointestinal Disease of the Horse Clinical I

Question 1

where are the intercostal vessels and nerves located?

Answer 1

caudal edge of ribs

Question 2

what should you consider if there is a caudal esophageal obstruction?

Answer 2

smooth muscle relaxant

Question 3

what value of lactate would indicate a colic is surgical/devitalizing?

Answer 3

abdominal lactate > 2x serum lactate

Question 4

is a surgical/devitalizing colic usually responsive to analgesia?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is the abdominocentesis like with surgical/devitalizing colic?

Answer 5

elevated white blood cells
serosanguinous
elevated protein
abdominal lactate > 2x serum lactate

Question 6

what are the landmarks for thoracocentesis?

Answer 6

6-8 ICS
10cm dorsal to olecranon
above lateral thoracic vein

Question 7

what are some smooth muscle relaxants you can consider for a caudal esophageal obstruction?

Answer 7

buscopan/butylscopolammonium: anticholinergic spasmolytic agent
oxytocin: smooth muscle relaxation at high dose

Question 8

what can you give to eliminate the cause of endotoxemia?

Answer 8

NSAID
prokinetics
nasogastric decompression
surgical decompression