The People's Health: Industrial era- living conditions.

Question 1

housing: what did landlords and builders take advantage of and what did it lead to?

Answer 1

lack of building regulations.
packed as many houses as possible onto small plots of lands.

Question 2

housing: what did some better off working class people rented and what did it look like?

Answer 2

‘through’ houses.
had their own outside space.

Question 3

housing: what did the usual house look like?

Answer 3

terraced rows that were joined to the row behind with just 1 room upstairs and 1 room downstairs (back to back houses) which housed the poorest people.

Question 4

housing: what what difficult about back to back housing and what could it cause and what was it due to?

Answer 4

difficult to ventilate.
damp.
caused chest infections (tuberculosis.)

Question 5

housing: what type of house did single people tend to rent out and what did it look like?

Answer 5

rented out rooms in lodging houses.
large houses divided up into smaller rooms.
dirty and overcrowded- people packed into a single room and sharing beds or sleeping on the floor.
fleas and body lice were common and cause typhus to spread.

Question 6

housing: what were cellar dwellings?

Answer 6

small and damp spaces underneath other people’s house’s with no sunlight.
sometimes flooded with rain or even sewage from the street above.

Question 7

food: what did workers kitchens not have and what did it cause?

Answer 7

limited facilities for cooking and storing food safely.

Question 8

food: what was the wages of unskilled workers and what did this mean they struggled to do?

Answer 8

low wages.
struggled to buy enough food to feed a whole family.

Question 9

food: what did workers rely on?

Answer 9

basics such as: bread, potatoes, weak tea- used the leaves multiple times.

Question 10

food: what could workers eat occasionally?

Answer 10

bacon or offal if they could afford it?

Question 11

food: what did the unbalanced of the working class cause?

Answer 11

malnutrition.

Question 12

food: what was there a lack of legally?

Answer 12

laws regulating the quality of food.

Question 13

food: what did some butchers and street sellers sold?

Answer 13

meat from diseased animals.

Question 14

food: was food adulteration seen a lot?

Answer 14

yes it was a widespread practise.

Question 15

food: examples of food adulteration.

Answer 15

milk was sold with chalk and water to make it go further.
copper was added to butter to alter it’s colour.
lead to diarrhoea and food poisoning.

Question 16

waste: what were sewers not used for so what was the alternative?

Answer 16

not built to service the new working class houses.
privies used instead.

Question 17

waste: what does the privy situation look like in back to back housing or individual houses?

Answer 17

individual- had their own.
back to back- shared one between ten houses or more.

Question 18

waste: where were privies connected to?

Answer 18

cesspits not sewers.

Question 19

waste: how did the cesspit looked?

Answer 19

built of brick and about six feet deep.

Question 20

waste: who did landlords pay to empty cesspits, what did they do with it?

Answer 20

paid night soil men.
sold it to farmers as manure.

Question 21

waste: how was the night soil men and the landlord organise the emptying of the cesspit and what could go wrong?

Answer 21

arranged between each other.
if landlords didn’t pay, cesspits overflowed into the streets and yards in stinking pools.

Question 22

waste: what happened when cesspits leaked and was it often or not?

Answer 22

leaked often.
caused outbreaks of cholera.

Question 23

wate: did sewers exist and if so what was their role?

Answer 23

they did exist.
built to take away rainwater rather than human waste.

Question 24

waste: where did the sewers empty its contents into?

Answer 24

straight into the rivers.
↳where water came from.

Question 25

waste: were flushing toilets popular and where did they connect to?

Answer 25

eventually became popular.
connected to the sewers.

Question 26

waste: what could happen to the water pipes and if they were next to a cesspits that had broken what could happen?

Answer 26

if water pipes that was cracked were next to a cesspits that could leak it allowed human waste to get into the water pipes therefore contaminating the water.

Question 27

water: what was all water considered as during the 19thC and why?

Answer 27

unsafe.
water companies took water from polluted rivers and rainwater was polluted by factory smoke.

Question 28

water: what hadn’t people figured out yet?

Answer 28

people hadn’t made the link between germs living in dirty water and diseases like typhoid and cholera.

Question 29

water: what wasn’t available in working class areas?

Answer 29

piped water.

Question 30

water: how did water suppliers supply water to courts or streets?

Answer 30

accessed by a water pump so many houses and families shared a single pump.

Question 31

water: what were many landlords unwilling to do in relation to water supply and how did they put that into plan?

Answer 31

unwilling to pay more than the minimum fee to the water companies.
↳ water was only available for a few hours a day.

Question 32

water: what would people do if there was no water pump?

Answer 32

working class families would collect water from their towns river or pond.
some people collected rainwater in a water butt or barrel.