life in nazi germany: public criticism during world war 2. Flashcards
when did cardinal galen begin speaking out?
1934.
during what situations did cardinal galen start increase speaking out?
during war time opposition increased as crimes became more apparent.
when did cardinal galen deliver his 3 sermons and what did they include?
- denouncing use of terror by gestapo, taking of church property and murder of mentally ill and disabled people.
what nickname did cardinal galen gain?
lion of munster.
how were cardinal galens sermons printed and distributed?
illegally.
how many of the other priests involved in cardinal galens criticism had what punishments and were where they carried out?
3 of catholic priests who took part, caught and executed in lubeck.
what happens to cardinal galen- punishment and why?
he survived war. too prominent to be eliminated but lived under virtual home arrest 1941-45.
who was dietrich bonhoeffer and when did he start opposing the nazis?
protestant pasteur opposed nazis from 1933.
during the 1930’s how did dietrich oppose the nazis?
preached against them and trained new pastures to join cause.
what did dietrich join in the late 1930’s and despite what did they continue to do?
secretly joined german resistance and despite gestapo hounding him continued work.
what was dietrich banned from doing?
writing, public speaking.
who did dietrich join and what did they include?
abwehr (military intelligence) contained number of army officers who secretly opposed nazis regime.
why did dietrich oppose nazis and what did he do about it?
he learnt full scale of nazis atrocities and increased his resistance and helped organise escape of jews to switzerland.
what happened to dietrich in 1943 and what did he do whilst there?
arrested and held in jail- preached to inmates.
where, when and what was significant about when/ where he died?
killed in flossenburg concentration camp april 1945. 2 weeks before end of war.
what was significant about saturday 27 february 1943?
last action to round up remaining jews in berlin.
what happened during rosenstrasse?
1 group of men taken to building that had been the welfare office of berlin jewish community.
what happened during rosenstrasse?
1 group of men taken to building that had been the welfare office of berlin jewish community.
who were the men of rosenstrasse classed as?
considered part jewish.
what did many men taken as part of rosenstrasse have?
had aryan wives.
what happened in protest of rosenstrasse?
wife’s of men gathered and crowd grew and became a spontaneous protest in support of captured men.
in the days following rosenstrasse what happened to women in protest and what were they shouting?
600 women in at any one time, shouted ‘gebt uns unsere manner wieder- give us our husbands back.
what happened to those chanting as part of rosenstrasse, what did they do as a result?
interrupted when SS guards threatened to shoot, took cover in side streets but soon returned.
how long did rosenstrasse last for, what did it include?
several days they stood arm in arm chanting and shouting.
what happens after rosenstrasse?
wider deportation of jewish people to death camps continued.
