The making of America: how the lives of americans changed 1877-1900.

Question 1

define reservation.

Answer 1

areas of government owned land where Na lived. managed by a Na tribe under the US bureau of Indian affairs.

Question 2

what were the changes faced by Na?

Answer 2

forced onto reservations, destruction of the buffalo, destruction of Na culture.

Question 3

case study: when did general custer die?

Answer 3

battle little bighorn.

Question 4

case study: what did the death of custer lead to?

Answer 4

outrage from US government- wanted to put an end to the issues of Na.

Question 5

case study: what happened after the battle of little bighorn?

Answer 5

sitting bull and followers escaped to Canada . by 1881 they were running out of food so returned to US and surrendered.

Question 6

case study: once sitting bull surrendered where was he and his followers sent?

Answer 6

rounded up and sent to the standing rock reservation in south dakota.

Question 7

case study: what was the 1889 sioux act?

Answer 7

6 small reservations were created in south west dakota which broke up the old great sioux reservation.

Question 8

case study: why were life on reservations bad?

Answer 8

poor farm land, dependant on government handouts, rampant disease, dealing with corrupt Indian affair officials and a crisis for young who had no way to gain prestige or maintain their culture as warriors.

Question 9

case study: what parts of Na culture and society were not able to continue?

Answer 9

being a warrior/ hunter- increase status and respect.
not owning land/ respecting it- now own land.
can’t follow/ hunt buffalo.
move from nomadic to agricultural lifestyle - have to rely on government and land.

Question 10

change for native americans: destruction of buffalo: as railroads moved out across the west what did they bring with them to do what?

Answer 10

hunters. hunted buffalo that plains indians relied on.

Question 11

change for native americans: destruction of buffalo: how much could a hunter earn from killing a single buffalo and how many could they kill in a day?

Answer 11

$3-20.
100 a day.

Question 12

change for native americans: destruction of buffalo: how many buffalos were killed by the 1840’s and what did that mean?

Answer 12

as many as 3 million.
vast herds were nearly gone.

Question 13

change for native americans: destruction of buffalo: why was the destruction one of the main causes of tension between Na and Wa?

Answer 13

without buffalo Na on plains would struggle to retain/ return to a nomadic way of life.

Question 14

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: when did US government start taking further measures to force Na to be more like Wa then destroy the Na culture even more?

Answer 14

from 1877-1900.

Question 15

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: how did the government try to destroy Na culture?

Answer 15

education and religion.
friends of indians.
the daws act.
ending the ghost dance.

Question 16

destroying Na culture: education and religion- what were indigenous people required to do?

Answer 16

set up governments structures which mirrored US ones.

Question 17

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- what were minor chiefs offered, what were the conditions and when was this offered?

Answer 17

gain power.
agreed to co-operate with government agents.
others like sitting bull refused.

Question 18

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- what was the role of reservation governments?

Answer 18

employ law enforcers to ensure rules were followed by everyone.

Question 19

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- in 1885 what did indigenous people loose?

Answer 19

power to run own courts and government took.

Question 20

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- what were nomadic people encouraged to live in, instead of what?

Answer 20

houses and lodged instead of tipis.

Question 21

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- why was their a gradual decrease of those living in tipis?

Answer 21

partly because of lack of buffalo skins.

Question 22

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- what were indigenous people made to convert to (religion) and what could happened if they didn’t?

Answer 22

Christianity.
those who continued traditional practises and rituals could arrested and imprisoned.

Question 23

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- what did the loss of the buffalo mean in terms of traditional rituals?

Answer 23

made them impossible to do.
rituals forced underground and would only appear when used for the entertainment of white people.

Question 24

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- why were many children sent away from reservations?

Answer 24

become educated in boarding schools ran by Wa.

Question 25

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- what were children taught in the boarding schools and what would happen if they didn’t use it?

Answer 25

speak english as their first language- if spoke their own languages whilst at school they were often beaten.

Question 26

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- how were the girls dressed and what were they taught?

Answer 26

victorian costume.
sew and play piano.

Question 27

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- what were the boys taught?

Answer 27

read and write.
told own peoples beliefs and rituals were backwards and outdated.
their history lessons taught them Wa were victims.

Question 28

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: education and religion- when the children went to school; what were they required to do and how was it done?

Answer 28

change their names.
eg: one lakota child Ota kte (later Luther standing bear) explained ‘i was told to take a pointer and select a name for myself from the list written on the blackboard. i did and since one was as good as another….i placed the pointer on the name Luther.’

Question 29

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: friends of the indians- when was group created and what was its purpose?

Answer 29

1883.
formed to campaign for indigenous rights.

Question 30

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: friends of indians- what were their aims?

Answer 30

help Na to become educated and Christian citizens of the US.

Question 31

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: friends of indians- by what date were friends of the indians policies changing almost all Na lives?

Answer 31

1887.

Question 32

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: friends of indians- what did they help do which was of benefit to Na but then what didn’t they do which had a negative impact on Na?

Answer 32

helped root out/ remove corrupt agents who took government money but didn’t supply reservations with enough food or medical care.

Question 33

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: friends of indians- what did they set up and why?

Answer 33

more off-reservation boarding schools so that indigenous children could ‘escape’ their roots.

Question 34

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: friends of indians- who became the first female Dr in US after graduating from one of these schools and when?

Answer 34

1889 Susan la fleche picotte.

Question 35

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: friends of indians- when did they persuade the government to pass dawe’s act?

Answer 35

1887.

Question 36

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: friends of indians- what was the dawe’s act?

Answer 36

offered an individual Na 160 acres of land and full US citizenship if they gave up their right to hold land as part of a tribe.

Question 37

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: dawes act- what could they swap lost tribe land for and how much land did they loose?

Answer 37

millions of acres of Na land which was owned as a group but lost in return for 160 acres of land to own individually.

Question 38

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: dawes act- what did the government offer in 1889?

Answer 38

land given up by individuals who participated in dawes act for sale.

Question 39

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: dawes act- how many acres of land were sold in a single day in oaklahoma, who brought this land and what was this event later known as?

Answer 39

1,920,000 acres of land in oklahoma were sold to homesteaders and land speculators.
became known as: oklahoma land rush.

Question 40

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: dawes act- by 1900 how much of land indigenous peoples land held in 1877 had been taken?

Answer 40

2/3.

Question 41

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- what was it classed as?

Answer 41

religion.

Question 42

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- what teachings did it follow, and what did those involved in it believe?

Answer 42

paiute named Wovoka. believed: if they danced and prayed for long enough a saviour would come and return the buffalo and sweep whites from the land like a great flood.

Question 43

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- what did Wa think about the ghost dance and why? what rumour surface regarding sitting bull?

Answer 43

Wa living near reservations became increasingly concerned as movement spread through dakota. sitting bull was planning on joining the ghost dance.

Question 44

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- what did one reservation agent write to the government regarding the ghost dance?

Answer 44

‘we need protection and we need now. indians are dancing in the snow and are wild and crazy.

Question 45

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- what was the response by the government to the ghost dance?

Answer 45

US army sent to arrest ghost dancers. lakota sioux police told to go and arrest sitting bull, remaining dancers tried to escape. chased down by general miles.

Question 46

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- who was general miles now in control of?

Answer 46

custers old seventh cavalry.

Question 47

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- where did miles find the remaining ghost dancers and what did he do?

Answer 47

wounded knee.
despite them being defenceless shots fired as miles troops tried to disarm the camp- in response miles ordered troops to open fire, cannons rolled out and the Hotchkiss machine guns hurled shell after shell at ghost dancers.

Question 48

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- when the smoke cleared what did a journalist state that he saw?

Answer 48

group of children he had previously seen playing were dead ‘cut like grass before the sickle.’ their bodies were loaded into a mass grave along with over 250 other men, women and children slaughtered in the massacre.

Question 49

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- on 15 january 1891 what did the remaining ghost dancers do?

Answer 49

remaining 4000 ghost dancers surrendered.

Question 50

change for native americans: destruction of Na culture: ending the ghost dance- despite government efforts what wasn’t gone but what was a positive for them instead?

Answer 50

indigenous peoples weren’t wiped out by 1900 but it would take decades and lots of actions by Na peoples for things to begin to improve.