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History. > life in nazi germany: how the nazis used terror to control people. > Flashcards

life in nazi germany: how the nazis used terror to control people. Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a police state?

A

a country whose government institutions exercise an extreme level of control over society and the peoples rights.

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2
Q

what methods of terror did the nazis use to control people?

A
  • gestapo.
  • SD.
  • concentration camps.
  • police, courts and prisions.
  • judges and courts.
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3
Q

gestapo: what were they commonly known as?

A

secret police.

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4
Q

gestapo: what did they do and why?

A

spied ont he public to remove opposition.

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5
Q

gestapo: what did it begin as and what did it expand to be?

A

prussian state police. natiowide group.

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6
Q

gestapo: who was the original leader?

A

goring.

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7
Q

gestapo: what did goring say their role was?

A

’ to investigate all poltical activities in entire state that posed danger to the state.’

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8
Q

gestapo: how many officers to police population did it have and what did that mean for ratio of officer to people?

A

15,000.
66 million.
1 officer per 4,400 people.

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9
Q

gestapo: how did the public feel about them?

A

deeply feared them.

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10
Q

gestapo: why were they highly effective?

A

power to arrest and imprision any person suspected of opposing nazi state.

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11
Q

gestapo: when were the early years?

A

1933.

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12
Q

gestapo: what did they focus on in the early years but how did that change later on?

A

nazis political opponents but later on jewish, gay people and religious dissenters were targeted.

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13
Q

gestapo: what gave them fightining power?

A

ability to identify opponents.

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14
Q

gestapo: what were they able to do as a means to gain information?

A
  • tap phones.
  • open mail.
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15
Q

gestapo: who did they mostly rely on and what would they be told?

A

informants who might pass on remarks they’d heard/ general suspicions.

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16
Q

SD: what were they known as?

A

secret service.

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17
Q

SD: what were they?

A

main official intelligence agency.

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18
Q

SD: why were they originally set up?

A

serve nazi party.

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19
Q

SD: who were they developed under?

A

reinhard heydrich.

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20
Q

SD: when did reinhrad heydrich become state secret service?

A

1938.

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21
Q

SD: what were role?

A

indentify actual or potential enermies of nazi leadership.

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22
Q

SD: how many memebers were there?

A

few hundred full time agents.
several thousand volunteer informants.

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23
Q

SD: what were most of the members like?

A

young, well educated men who showed no signs of being fanatical nazis.

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24
Q

SD: what did they focus on?

A

anyu opposition to the party itself.

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25
Q

SD: what did they spy on?

A

all aspects of education, arts, governemnt and administration, churches and jewish community.

26
Q

SD: what did they track?

A

foreign reporting or german affairs.

27
Q

SD: what did they look out for?

A

spy networks serving other nations.

28
Q

SD: when they write and what did this enable to nazi leadership to do?

A

agents wrote extensive reports on the morale and attitude of german people.
moiniter impact of changes they made and tailor propoganda.

29
Q

SD: what didn’t they do?

A

take actions against inderviduals.

30
Q

concentration camps: how were these different to extermination camps such as auschwitz?

A

aimed to gather people who threatend the state and to ‘concentrate’ them where they could be kept from scoiety and in harsh conditions.

31
Q

concentration camps: how mnay were set up in 1933?

A

over 70.

32
Q

concentration camps: how many of what type of people did they imprision?

A

45,000 communists, trade unionsts and political opponents.

33
Q

concentration camps: how did early ‘wild’ camps look?

A

extreme punishments. soem guards jailed for torture.

34
Q

concentration camps: who ran them?

A

SA.

35
Q

concentration camps: what was the issue with the SA running them and what had to be done and why?

A

disorganised and extreme conditions.
became an embarrasment and closed in second half of 1933.

36
Q

concentration camps: what happend when soem were closed and what did the total number drop to?

A

most prisioners freed.
7500.

37
Q

concentration camps: in june 1933 who was brought in to run dachau and why?

A

theodor eicke.
bring order.

38
Q

concentration camps: what was theodor eickes unit called and what did their unifroms look like?

A

death heads.
skulls on their SS hats.

39
Q

concentration camps: what did theodor eickes establish and what did it outline?

A

code of conduct used in all camps.
specific punishments for different offences.

40
Q

concentration camps: what were the punishments for lesser offences?

A

diet of bread and water.

41
Q

concentration camps: what were the punishments for greater offences?

A

floging and beatings in frount of other prisioners.

42
Q

concentration camps: in 1937 what did himmler declare and what did that result in?

A

guards couldn’t be sent to jail for actions.
deaths went back up.

43
Q

concentration camps: at dachau how many deaths were there since the declaration by himmler?

A

69 deaths in 1937. nearly 7 times as many than previous years.

44
Q

concentration camps: what did the c amps start using prisioners for?

A

labour. forcing them to do manual albour in and out of camps.

45
Q

concentration camps: who did the early year camps imprision then who did they start having more of by the mid 1930’s?

A

political opponents. other groups such as criminals, work shy, religious opponents and to lesser extent jewish people.

46
Q

concentration camps: in 1938 at buchenwald how many work shy prisioners were there?

A

4600 out of 8000.

47
Q

concentration camps: what did camp authorities impose on the imprisioned and what were the differences and how/ why did these vary?

A

uniform.
different groups forced to wear different coloured triangles.

48
Q

concentration camps: by the start of the war what had the total number of prisioners risen to?

A

21,000.

49
Q

police, courts & prisions: how were these affected?

A

nazis modified and crontrolled them.

50
Q

police, courts & prisions: who were removed from ranks and who were they replaced with?

A

potential enermies. nazis moved into leadership positions.

51
Q

police, courts & prisions: by controlling judical system what could the nazis do?

A

fully enforce any new laws they passed and issue whatever punishments they wanted against who they found guilty.

52
Q

police: why did they react positivly to nazi rule?

A

their powers were extended.

53
Q

police: what did the nazis do to the police organisations and what did they provide?

A

centrelised.
better funding.

54
Q

police: in 1936 who were the police under control of and what were they encouraged to do?

A

SS.
to join forces.

55
Q

police: who were the orpo?

A

ordinary police.

56
Q

police: who were the kripo?

A

criminal police.

57
Q

police: what did the orpo and kripo continue to do?

A

carry out everyday duties in communities and investigated crimes.

58
Q

police: what did the orpo and kripo become important part of and what did they provide?

A

terror system.
providing intelligence on potential enermies and arresting them.

59
Q

judges and courts: what did they have to do to hitler and what became more severe?

A

swear oath to hitler.
sentences.

60
Q

judges and courts: what happend to the numebr of criminal offences punishable by death?

A

rose from 3 in 1933 to 46 .in 1943 40,000 people sent to death.

61
Q

judges and courts: those who were given death sentences who did they recieve them from and why?

A

peoples court.
a lack of jury and predetermined guilty verdicts meant the proceedings were no more than show trials.

History. (97 decks)

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