life in nazi germany: opposition to the nazis- political left & the church. Flashcards
political left successes: who was this represented by?
social democrats.
political left successes: who were the social democrats?
germanys largest non nazi political group, largest source of resistance.
political left successes: what were the social democrats the only party to do and when?
won more than 100 seats at the reichstag election (beginning in 1919.)
political left successes: when were the social democrats made illegal, what was taken off them and what were they forced to do?
may 1933.
robbed of its money and forced to break up.
political left successes: where did the social democrats leadership move to, what did they do and what was their new name?
prague.
continued to work in exile.
called themselves sopade.
political left successes: those members of the social democrats who stayed in germany what did they do and what was their new name?
went ‘underground’
formed resistance group.
called themselves red strike troops.
political left successes: by late 1933 red strike troops how many members did they have?
3000.
political left successes: what did the red strike troops produce, how often and what did it highlight?
fortnightle newspapers.
nazi abuse of power and calling on workers uprising to otherthrow nazis.
political left successes: when were the red strike troops activities found, by who and what were the consequences?
mid 1934.
gestapo.
arrested the leaders.
political left successes: who were the gestapo?
secret police.
political left successes: what and when was the third group created from the social democrats and why did it have little impact?
new beginnings.
operated through 1930.
continous pressure from gestapo- very little impact.
political left successes: who was this demonstrated by?
communists.
political left: where did the communist party come from?
german communist party (KPD.)
political left: before the nazis rise to power what were the KPD?
largest communist party outside of russia.
political left: how many members did the KPD have?
350,000.
political left: what were the KPD balmed for?
reichstag fire.
political left: what happend after the KPD were blamed for the recihstag fire?
party offices raided, equipment destroyed, property taken.
thousands of members arrested, taken before nazi court or put into concentration camps.
political left: even after lots of KPD members were arrested how many were able to continue with underground resistance?
30,000.
political left: what was the KPD official newspapers called and were they still produced?
the red flag.
yes.
political left: what did the KPD publsih from underground, when and how many?
anti-nazi leaflets and pamphlets.
1933 and 1935.
millions.
political left: what did the KPD leaflets inlighten people about and where could be found?
poor treatment of german workers by nazis.
found their many factories, workplaces and beer halls.
opposition from the church: how many catholics and protestants were there in germany?
22 million. 40 million.
opposition from the church: why could there be opposition seen from the church?
church had a belief in love and forgivness.
opposition from the church: what agreement did hitler make with the pope?
nazis would leave the church if the church stayed out of politics.
opposition from the church: what church did hitler make and what did it look like?
protestant reich church.
had to swear an oath to become part of it.
churches had swastikas and mein kampf in them.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: who was the most prominent critic of the nazis?
martin riemoller.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: what did martin riemoller do?
refused to join reich church, founded an alternative non nazi confessional church.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: by 1934 how many people had joined martin riemoller’ church in comparision to the reich church?
6000 pasters joined compaired to the 2000.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: what did remoller and confesional church preach?
against nazi radical policy.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: in 1937 what did paul schneider do?
banned parishioners who were nazis party members from attending his church servcies.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: in 1937 what did pope puis the 11th XI do?
wrote a letter.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: what did pope puis XI letter get read to, when, what did it say and what was it called?
smuggled into germany and read out in all catholic churches on plam sunday.
condemed nazi beliefs and methods.
with burning anxiety.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: in 1934 whose sermons began to critise nazi regeme over his radical policys?
cardinal galen.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: why could cardinal galen couldn’ be arrested?
too high profile, continued to provide resistance.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: why were jehovahs witnesses unwilling to comply with nazi state?
rule of faith.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: what did jehovahs witnesses refusing to do?
give hitler salute.
following beliefs.
compulsary military service.
opposition from the church: catholic successes: what did jehovahs witnesses do inside and outside of germany?
began writing anti-nazi leaflets.
