The making of America: american west & plains Indians. Flashcards
what were the similarities between the tribes on the plains particularly religion?
most believed in ‘great spirit’- divine creator. all living things have a spirit so must be respected. spirits inhabit sky, sun, stars, moon, rivers, lakes, mountains, forests, animals and stones.
what were the similarities between the tribes on the plains particularly warriors?
shared common values regardless of the tribe. expected to have and demonstrate honesty, courage, polite courtesy, compassion, honour, duty and loyalty.
what were the similarities between the tribes on the plains particularly sustainability and lifestyle?
believed in sustainability- living off the land- earth and animals without destroying the natural source. didn’t believe in destroying the land. lived in harmony with nature. all living things had a spirit and they themselves would return the the ground one day. buffalo main food source and clothing, trading materials so nomadic to follow them. used the buffalo very efficiently- didn’t have to kill lots of them to survive.
what were the six apache tribes called?
Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, westurnapache, Kiowa.
what were the apache warriors like?
fierce warriors. fought to preserve lifestyle. men did most of the fighting but women and children knew how to to use a gun, protect family and ride horses.
what were the apache one of the first tribes to do?
tame horses.
when did the apache come to rely on horses?
1830.
what weapons did the apache use when hunting and for defence?
bows and arrows.
how were the apache’s weapons made?
bow strings made from tendons of animals. arrow heads made from sharpened rocks.
what did the ancient apache speak?
athapaskan cheyenne.
what are the two tribes of cheyenne, where were they based and why?
oaklahoma- forced by government.
montana- escaped forced movement.
what were the cheyenne warriors called and what was needed to happen to join the group?
dog soldiers. fought till death to protect people. acts of bravery needed to join the group.
how did the gains of horses affect cheyenne’s lifestyle?
hunted buffalo instead of farming.
expert riders and fighters.
how did the gain of horses change the cheyenne’s food and what else did they eat?
changed from vegetables to buffalo.
ate fruit, nuts, berries and fish.
how did the cheyenne’s practise religion?
very religious.
sun dances, smoking peace pipes, built houses specifically for ceremonies and recognised both special hats and arrows as being sacred.
what were the several major tribes of lakota sioux?
mdewakanton, sissetan, teton, wahpekute, wahpeton, yankton, yankonai.
what did lakota sioux believe people should do?
should do the job they could do best.
what did lakota sioux believe was the men and women’s role in the house/ community?
men- warriors, storytellers, painters.
women- oversaw camp and children, cooking, gathering food and making clothes/ quilts (using porcupine quills), animals skin and beads.
what did the lakota sioux make sure all women and men could do?
trained to defend themselves.
who did members of the lakota sioux listen to?
obeyed decisions of the seven council fires and were peaceful.
lakota sioux: what was the purpose of the buffalo dance?
before hunting, last seven days, called to the spirit world for a successful hunt, after hunters gave thanks to spirits.
lakota sioux: why were the tipis so useful to live in?
could be put up and down quickly, not blown over by strong winds, could be angled to blow smoke away and could let air inside.
lakota sioux: how were children and the elderly treated?
children- highly valued, didn’t go to school, prepared for their adult role by parents and wider family.
elderly- respected for their wisdom.
lakota sioux: why were circles important?
surrounded by the circle of the horizon and lives determined by sun and moon, seasons and birth- childhood, adulthood, old age, death. settlements, meetings, dances, tipis all took circular form.
lakota sioux: why did their leadership style cause significant problems when making treaties with americans?
US government tried to make treaties, often just chose people with whom they would communicate. some bands followed treaties some wouldn’t. each tribe had bands, group of 10-50 families.
lakota sioux: what did they fight over?
stealing horses.
lakota sioux: what was the warrior culture of the tribe?
boys learnt to ride and fight.
men expected to join warrior societies and their opinions were sought when key decisions about fighting was needed to be made.
