The making of America: impact of big businesses, cities and mass migration.

Question 1

big businesses: how were these big businesses (co-operations) different than traditional businesses?

Answer 1

larger.
run by a board of shareholders rather than a single person or family.

Question 2

big businesses: what were small scale farms replaced with and what were they?

Answer 2

bonanza farms.
owned by wealthy investors in the east.

Question 3

big businesses: what event in 1886-7 led to big businesses being bale to buy up smaller struggling businesses?

Answer 3

harsh winter that killed off millions of cattle.

Question 4

cotton & tobacco factories: in the south when did the number of cotton mills double?

Answer 4

1880 and 1900.

Question 5

cotton & tobacco factories: how did the south become a major producer of cotton cloth in the USA?

Answer 5

now could support their cotton growing industry.

Question 6

cotton & tobacco factories: tobacco and cigarette production increased drastically. by what date did the american tobacco company control 90% of cigarettes and what percentage of tobacco production?

Answer 6

1904.
75%

Question 7

cotton & tobacco factories: what did the growth of southern cotton factories mean for plantations?

Answer 7

slow return of the demand for them.

Question 8

cotton & tobacco factories: what was the economical effect of the increase in cotton production?

Answer 8

decrease in cotton prices.
most cotton pickers couldn’t make ends meet by 1900.

Question 9

cotton & tobacco factories: what kind of jobs were the new job opportunity’s in cotton and tobacco factories like for white southerners?

Answer 9

generally low skilled and low paid.

Question 10

fossil fuels & extractions: what lead to a huge demand for resources such as coal and iron?

Answer 10

growth of factories and railroads.

Question 11

fossil fuels & extractions: what did the law passed in 1872 allow?

Answer 11

companies to set up mines for little cost and put a few restrictions on their activities.

Question 12

fossil fuels & extractions: who was mining too costly for, so who took all the opportunities?

Answer 12

small companies.
huge mining operations.

Question 13

fossil fuels & extractions: how much did coal production in the south increase from 1875 to 1890?

Answer 13

increase x10.

Question 14

fossil fuels & extractions: discoveries of what brought companies such as? to west?

Answer 14

copper, tin, lead and silver.
anaconda.

Question 15

fossil fuels & extractions: in Butte, Montana what is the cost of the copper and silver extracted every month?

Answer 15

a million dollars.

Question 16

fossil fuels & extractions: why was the discovery of copper and silver recently important?

Answer 16

vital for use in cables as conductors. new electrical age.

Question 17

fossil fuels & extractions: impact- what was the impact on the environment and why?

Answer 17

huge areas of forest cut down to create support for mine shafts. toxic chemicals leached into the water.

Question 18

fossil fuels & extractions: impact- who did the environmental impacts impact as well?

Answer 18

indigenous peoples.

Question 19

fossil fuels & extractions: impact- why was it dangerous for people- especially the people mining?

Answer 19

at 1000m underground, worked in temperatures above 35 degrees.

Question 20

fossil fuels & extractions: impact- why were mine shaft dangerous?

Answer 20

poorly constructed and could collapse as well as others.

Question 21

fossil fuels & extractions: impact- why did many miners die of lung disease?

Answer 21

no breathing equipment.

Question 22

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: by when had small scale farming died out ont he plains?

Answer 22

1880’s.

Question 23

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: how big was an average farm?

Answer 23

10,000 acres.

Question 24

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: how many people worked on them and were they well paid?

Answer 24

250.
low paid.

Question 25

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: what type of person were the owners who profited?

Answer 25

eastern capitalists.
investors.

Question 26

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: what event drove small business out of bonanza cattle ranches and why?

Answer 26

1866 oversupply of cattle. drop in beef prices, driving out small companies.

Question 27

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: what event and when killed off millions of cattle?

Answer 27

harsh winter in 1886.

Question 28

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: why was the harsh winter a good opportunity for bigger businesses?

Answer 28

bigger ones able to weather the storm and brought up smaller ones as they collapsed.

Question 29

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: by what date were most ranches int he west owned by just a handful of people?

Answer 29

1900.

Question 30

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: impact- what couldn’t employed workers afford and what did many hope?

Answer 30

homestead.
would eventually save enough to buy their own land.

Question 31

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: impact- what made it impossible for small scale farms to survive?

Answer 31

farms had best land, water, resources and railroad links.

Question 32

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: impact- what did many struggling small farm owners do?

Answer 32

gave up and moved into cities.
became wage workers for a distant farm owner.

Question 33

bonanza farms & cattle ranches: impact- why did farming and ranching have massive impact on the environment?

Answer 33

used up limited supplies of water in the west, forcing many indians off the land onto reservations.
dry farming techniques eventually made some land unusable.

Question 34

migration & experiences: why did migrants want to move to america?

Answer 34

recovered economy and hope of achieving the american dream.

Question 35

migration & experiences: where were the migrants coming from at this time?

Answer 35

central eastern and southern Europe.

Question 36

migration & experiences: in 1890’s how many migrants came from italy?

Answer 36

600,000.

Question 37

migration & experiences: what was the name of americas main immigration station?

Answer 37

ellis island, new york.

Question 38

migration & experiences: in what ways were migrants treated badly once they arrived in america?

Answer 38

some cities experienced anti-immigration violence.
businesses offered desperate migrants lower wages.

Question 39

migration & experiences: why were white people pushed out of their jobs and by who?

Answer 39

migrants offered jobs for lower wages so were in favour pushing out white workers.

Question 40

migration & experiences: why could they face prejudice?

Answer 40

difference in culture and beliefs.

Question 41

migration & experiences: in 1887 what association was set up and what was their goal?

Answer 41

american protective association set up to protect protestant americans from the dangers of catholic, jewish and budhist immigrants.

Question 42

migration & experiences: why was the situation worse for Chinese immigrants in the west?

Answer 42

1870’s anti-Chinese riots led to many murders and part of Tacoma being burnt to the ground.

Question 43

migration & experiences: how much of the population of san fransisco did chinese immigrants make up but what weren’t they legally allowed to do?

Answer 43

10%.
live outside of chinatown.

Question 44

migration & experiences: what act was passed in 1882, who did it affect and how did it affect them?

Answer 44

chinese exclusion act.
limited number of chinese workers entering america.
chinese.