Respiratory PowerPoint Flashcards
under what age is diaphragm breathing since intercostal muscles are immature
6 years
do babies automatically switch to mouth breathing
no
main issue with Peds airway
size
swelling is much more dangerous since it is easily occluded
air way size
4mm
since the children have to have more effort to move air in what does that do
increase respiration rate
growing and metabolism is higher so what does that do
increase O2 needs so breathe faster
fever or infections does what
increase O2 demands so increase RR
infants have what which leads to them to tire quickly
less glycogen
trachea of children
shorter
angle of right bronchus
angle is more acute
hyperextended neck can lead to
airway collapse
growth of alveoli age
8 years old
reiteration sites
intercostal
subcostal
substernal
suprasternal
supracalviualr
mild signs of respiratory distress
restless
tachypena
dyspnea
diaphoresis
1st retrations seen are
intercostal
2nd retractions seen are
substernal and subcostal
reiterations mean
O2 exchange is not good so give O2
simple nursing intervention for respiratory distress
elevate HOB
s/s of early decomp
flaring
retrations
grunting
wheezing
hypertension
interventions for early decomp
O2
cpap
elevate HOB
grunt is doing what
maintaining PEEP to prevent alveoli from collapsing
head bob is doing what
attempting to get air in
since kids fatigue due to decreased glycogen stores this does what
lead to apnea
resp failure/ impending arrest
dysnpnea
bradypnea
cyanosis
stupor
coma
CNS changes
what signs are tripod supracalvicular and substernal
emergent signs
what is happening in tripod position
opening the airway and increasing the blood supply to the trunk by decreasing flow to legs
(mastrowsers?)
tripod apperence
arms on legs learning forward
head and neck are extended
jaw thrust open forward
normal ABG values
pH: acid 7.35-7.45 alk
CO2: alk 35-45 acid
HCO3: acid 22-26 alk
PO2: 80-100
croup
upper airway illness that results in inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis and larynx swelling extends into the trachea and larynx
cough associated with croup
dog bark
epiglottis what to know
do not use a tongue blade
decrease existence by Hib vaccine
most dangerous
intubation
spasming leads to
airway obstruction
airway narrow sound
stridor
LTB
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
LTB s/s
early - fever
brassy seal like cough
stridor inspiratory
irritable or restless
LTB tx
oral dexmentahose
nebulizer epi
O2
LTB at home tx
humidity or cold hock
RSV
shedding of the respiratory lining which leads to copious secretions
why do RSV have decreased activity level
do not have enough O2
why do RSV have decreased oral intake
can’t swallow due to secretions
why is dehydration bad for RSV
leads to thicker secretions
RSV adventiois sounds
wheezing
crackles
RSV Xray
hyperinflation
atelectasis
inflammation
RSV nursing considerations
monitor resp
suction
elevate HOB
isolation droplet and contact
monitor hydration
I & O
IV fluids
vaccine for RSV
Synagis
- every month during season
RSV season
oct-march
RS treatment
supportive unless high risk which needs more immediate tx
prevention for RSV
hand washing
how to tell if a kid maybe feels better
anxiety
cystic fibrosis needs
chest percussion
O2
enzyme treatment
increase fluids
cystic fibrosis genetic inheritance
autosomal recessive
both parents need to have trait
1/4 kids will have it
same as sickle
asthma
chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by
- wheezing
- SOB
- chest tightness
- coughing
is asthma reversible
yes
what is the precursor to asthma and why can we not diagnosis asthma
reactive airway disease
cannot diagnosis until mature airway ~8years old
rules of 2 with asthma
use of reuse inhaler more than 2 times per week
waking up at night due to asthma more than 2 times per month
refilling rescue inhaler more than 2 times per year
if answer yes to rule of 2 what does that mean
asthma is not in good control
5-10-5 rule
inhale for 5 seconds
hold breath for 10 seconds
exhale through nose for10 seconds
inhaler use education
use a spacer to make particles smaller to get into airways
how to combat exercise induced asthma
use inhaler before
upper airway conditions
croup
epiglottis
lower airway conditions
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
HFNC provides
PEEP
chronic airway condiitons
asthma
BPD
cystic fibrosis
3 S of asthma
snot squeeze swell
patho of asthma
hyper responsiveness causes excess mucos formation, mucosal swelling and airway contraction
asthma triggers
smoke
pets
cockroach
air pollution
s/s of asthma
SOB
chest tightness
coughing
wheezing
tachypnea
why do we increase hydration for asthma
thin secretions
med class for asthma
SABA
LABA
anticholinergics
SABA
albuterol
relax smooth muscle and promote brachial dilation
steroids
take second about 5-15 mins after SABA
decreases airway inflam
anticholinger
INHIBIT bronchial constriction
adjuncts to asthma medications
cold air
O2
water
BPD
call it that until 28 days of life and then called chronic lung disease
BPD/chronic lung disease
damage to alveoli sac from O2
alveoli become larger and less vessels perfuse lungs leading to less function
BPD risk
premature babies
BPD need O2 for how long
28 days
cystic fibrosis affects
endocrine glands
super thick mucous
CF is missing pancreatic enzymes which are
lipase
amalyase
tripsin
diagnosis for COPD
sweat test
- increase NA and CL
CF treatment
pancreatic enzymes
fat soluble vitamins
chest percusion
postural drainage
pulmonary enzume
high protein diet
low fat
CF stools
loose and mucosy
